Three stages in the variation of the depth of hypoxia in the California Current System 2003-2020 by satellite estimation.

The depth of hypoxia (DOH) is the shallowest depth at which the waters become hypoxic (oxygen concentration < 60 μmol kg), is a crucial indicator of the formation and expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). In this study, a nonlinear polynomial regression inversion model was developed to estimate the DOH in the California Current System (CCS), based on the dissolved oxygen profile detected by the Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) float and remote sensing data. Satellite-derived net community production was used in the algorithm development, to denote the combined effect of phytoplankton photosynthesis and O consumption.

Hydrophobically Modified Cellulose Nanofibers-Enveloped Solid Lipid Microparticles for Improved Antioxidant Cargo Retention.

This study introduces a cellulose nanofiber surfactant system, in which the surface is hydrophobically modified with different alkyl chain structures for the effective envelopment of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs). To endow bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) with excellent ability to assemble at the lipid-water interface, alkyl chains with designated molecular structures, such as decane, didecane, and eicosane, are covalently grafted onto the BCNF surface. Interfacial tension and interfacial rheology measurements indicate that dialkyl chain-grafted BCNFs (diC BCNF) exhibit strong interfibrillar association at the interface.

Microfluidic macroemulsion stabilization through in situ interfacial coacervation of associative nanoplatelets and polyelectrolytes.

Hypothesis: Since macroemulsions tend to break down to lower free energy, they hardly retain their initial drop state. Therefore, studies are being conducted to overcome this based on advanced interface engineering techniques, but it is still challenging. Herein we hypothesize that the stability of giant droplets can be secured without chemical bonding through the interfacial coacervation of polyelectrolyte and associative nanoplatelets.

Biomarkers for early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a study based on an integrated biomarker system.

Diabetic nephropathy is a devastating disease that affects a growing number of diabetic patients. A complete cure is very hard to achieve once the disease has been diagnosed, therefore the diagnosis of early stages in diabetic nephropathy has become a hot area. Numbers of molecules have been proposed to be potential biomarkers for this purpose.

A metabonomic approach to the effect evaluation of treatment in patients infected with influenza A (H1N1).

Unlabelled: The pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) was transmitted to the human population since 2009, resulting in some consequences of viral pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure and, most severely, death. In clinical practice, Chinese medicine possessed extensive experience for prevention and treatment of influenza, but its mechanism still remain unclear. In addition, the efficacy of combination therapy of Chinese and Western medicine was attractive, but not yet clear.

A simple way to configure on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography for complex sample analysis: acquisition of four-dimensional data.

An on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HPLC×UPLC-TOF MS) was set up just using the injection valve of the ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) as the interface through which the effluent of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was injected automatically to UPLC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS). As a demonstrative application, a complex sample of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingkailing was analyzed. As a result, a four-dimensional (4D) data containing 2D retention times, peak intensity and m/z ratios was plotted, where 398 peaks were counted and low concentration components were distinguished from the high concentration ones with a total peak capacity of 1090.

[Study on the correlation between Chinese medicine syndrome types in influenza A (H1N1) virus and potential biomarkers].

Objective: To investigate the contents changes of potential biomarkers of patients infected with influenza A (H1N1) virus of different Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome types.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus were differentiated as three syndrome types, i. e.

[Effects of tangshen recipe on the homocysteine metabolism of patients with diabetic nephropathy].

Objective: To observe the effects of Tangshen Recipe (TR) on the homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: 64 patients with diabetic nephropathy were randomly assigned to two groups, 32 in each. Those in the Western medicine treatment group (Group A) received insulin and orally took anti-diabetic drugs, while those in the TR group (Group B) received insulin and orally took TR (consisting of astragalus, raw rehmannia root, sanchi root, euonymus branchlet, rhubarb, bitter orange, and dogwood fruit, etc.

A metabonomic approach applied to predict patients with cerebral infarction.

Cerebral infarction is always of sudden onset, and usually leading to serious consequence. It is of therapeutic significance to develop fast and accurate diagnosis methods for cerebral infarction so that patients can be treated timely and properly. A metabonomic approach was then proposed to investigate the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with cerebral infarction and also establish a prediction model of cerebral infarction for the fast diagnosis.

Metabonomic study on women of reproductive age treated with nutritional intervention: screening potential biomarkers related to neural tube defects occurrence.

Nutritional intervention is effective in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). To determine the effects of nutritional supplementation on human metabolism, a metabonomic study was carried out on 96 women of reproductive age. Subjects with nutritional intervention were given fortified wheat flour (containing folic acid, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, ferric sodium edetate and zinc oxide) for 8 months.

HPLC determination of anethole trithione and its application to pharmacokinetics in rabbits.

To evaluate the relative bioavailability of anethole trithione (ATT) from self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and tablet, a sensitive, accurate and reliable liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine ATT in rabbit plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column by using a mixture of methanol-water (90:10, v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.