Clinical Analysis of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Patients With Pre-Existing Stage II-IV Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have improved cancer outcomes but can induce immune-related adverse events, including mycobacterial infections. This study retrospectively analysed pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in 91 patients with pre-existing stage II-IV lung cancer at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between June 2015 and June 2024. Among these patients, 78.

HDAC3-YY1-RAB5A axis remodels AML-supportive niche by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis in bone marrow stromal cells.

Recent studies have shown that the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) plays a vital role in the progression of leukemia and the development of drug resistance, while the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this study, we found that AML patient-derived BMSCs exhibit a hyperinflammatory phenotype. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in BMSCs enhances mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by RAB5A-mediated blockade of mitophagy.

An enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitor, NITD-916, expresses anti- activity.

Antibiotic therapy for infections is challenging due to resistance of the organism to many clinically available antimicrobials. Here, the efficacy of NITD-916, an enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitor, in preventing growth and is demonstrated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NITD-916 for 12 non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) reference strains and a collection of 194 clinical isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method.

The Rough Morphotype of Mycobacterium abscessus Enhances Its Virulence Through ROS/p65/NLRP3/GSDMD-Mediated Macrophage Pyroptosis.

The rough morphotype of Mycobacterium abscessus exhibits significantly higher virulence compared to the smooth morphotype, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Pyroptosis in macrophages plays a pivotal role in lung tissue damage; however, its specific involvement in Mycobacterium abscessus infection remains to be fully clarified. In this study, we identified that the rough morphotype of Mycobacterium abscessus upregulates the ROS/p65/NLRP3/GSDMD signalling pathway, thereby mediating pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages.

FL058, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, increases the anti-Mycobacterium abscessus activity of imipenem.

Background: β-lactams are crucial for anti-Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) therapy. Treating infections is challenging since MABC produces a class A β-lactamase (Bla, which is capable of hydrolyzing β-lactams thus causing drug resistance. Diazabicyclooctane (DBO) β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) can inhibit Bla.

Predictive model for HBsAg clearance rate in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b for 48 weeks.

Background And Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health concern. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in CHB patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) for 48 weeks and to establish a predictive model.

Methods: This analysis is based on the "OASIS" project, a prospective real-world multicenter study in China.

TBAJ-587, a novel diarylquinoline, is active against .

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are extremely difficult to treat due to a natural resistance to many antimicrobials. TBAJ-587 is a novel diarylquinoline, which shows higher anti-tuberculosis activity, lower lipophilicity, and weaker inhibition of hERG channels than bedaquiline (BDQ). The susceptibilities of 11 NTM reference strains and 194 clinical isolates to TBAJ-587 were determined by the broth microdilution assay.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of Baloxavir Marboxil or Oseltamivir in outpatients with uncomplicated influenza A: an ambispective, observational, multi-center study.

Introduction: Baloxavir Marboxil is a per oral small-molecule antiviral for the treatment of influenza. While the efficacy and safety of Baloxavir Marboxil have been thoroughly characterized across an extensive clinical trial, studies on the effectiveness of Baloxavir Marboxil in a real-world setting are still scarce.

Methods: We conducted an ambispective, observational, multi-center study that enrolled uncomplicated in-fluenza outpatients treated with Baloxavir Marboxil or Oseltamivir in East China.

GlnR activated transcription of nitrogen metabolic pathway genes facilitates biofilm formation by mycobacterium abscessus.

Objectives: Nitrogen is indispensable for the synthesis of biomacromolecules. The correlation between nitrogen metabolism and Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) biofilm formation is unclear.

Impaired ESX-3 Induces Bedaquiline Persistence in Mycobacterium abscessus Growing Under Iron-Limited Conditions.

ESX-3 is a secretion pathway which is essential for mycobactin-mediated iron acquisition under iron-limited conditions. Although present in all Mycobacterium sp., ESX-3 remains to be elucidated in Mycobacterium abscessus.

In vitro susceptibility testing of tetracycline-class antibiotics against slowly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are gradually increasing worldwide, with slow-growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium kansasii accounting for the majority of cases. The use of tetracyclines has received renewed attention in recent years, and this study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of omadacycline, eravacycline, tigecycline, sarecycline, minocycline and doxycycline against M. avium, M.

sRNA21, a novel small RNA, protects Mycobacterium abscessus against oxidative stress.

Background: During infection, Mycobacterium abscessus encounters numerous environmental changes and adapts to them using a variety of complex mechanisms. Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) have been shown in other bacteria to be involved in post-transcriptional regulatory pathways, including environmental stress adaptation. However, the potential role of sRNAs in the resistance to oxidative stress in M.

A Novel Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor, MRX-6038, Expresses Anti-Mycobacterium abscessus Activity and .

Therapeutic options for Mycobacterium abscessus infections are extremely limited, and new drugs are needed. The anti-M. abscessus activity of MRX-6038, a new leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, was evaluated and .

IRF3 is an important molecule in the UII/UT system and mediates immune inflammatory injury in acute liver failure.

The urotensin II/urotensin receptor (UII/UT) system can mediate inflammatory liver injury in acute liver failure (ALF); however; the related mechanism is not clear. In this study, we confirmed that lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) induced up-regulation of liver interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in ALF mice, whereas the UT antagonist urantide inhibited the up-regulated liver IRF3. LPS stimulation induced IRF3 transcription and nuclear translocation and promoted the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN-γ in Kupffer cells (KCs); these effects in LPS-stimulated KCs were inhibited by urantide.