Progress and new challenges in image-based profiling.

For over two decades, image-based profiling has revolutionized cellular phenotype analysis. Image-based profiling processes rich, high-throughput, microscopy data into unbiased measurements that reveal phenotypic patterns powerful for drug discovery, functional genomics, and cell state classification. Here, we review the evolving computational landscape of image-based profiling, detailing current procedures, discussing limitations, and highlighting future development directions.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation for major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis based on randomised controlled trials.

This meta-analysis assesses the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). PubMed, Web of science, Ovid, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials were used to systematically search from their inception until July 2024. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were employed to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation and MACE.

Advances in drug design strategies for phototherapy based on tumor cell death mechanisms.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive tumor treatment. Researchers study cell death mechanisms-apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-to improve photosensitizer design for precise tumor destruction while sparing normal tissue. This review summarizes these biological causes of cell death.

Association between maternal asthma and ASD/ADHD in offspring: A meta-analysis based on observational studies.

This meta-analysis aims to examine the association between maternal asthma and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from electronic database inception to October 2024 for studies on the relationship between asthma and ASD/ADHD. The definition of maternal asthma was "asthma existing prior to childbirth".

BiDAC-dependent degradation of plasma membrane proteins by the endolysosomal system.

The discovery of bifunctional degradation activating compounds (BiDACs) has led to the development of a new class of drugs that promote the clearance of their protein targets. BiDAC-induced ubiquitination is generally believed to direct cytosolic and nuclear proteins to proteolytic destruction by proteasomes. However, pathways that govern the degradation of other classes of BiDAC targets, such as integral membrane and intraorganellar proteins, have not been investigated in depth.

Improving CXR Bone Suppression by Exploiting Domain-level and Instance-level Information.

For chest X-ray image (CXR) analysis, effective bone structure suppression is essential for uncovering lung abnormalities and facilitating accurate clinical diagnoses. While recent deep generative models, to some extent, improve the reconstruction quality of bone-suppressed CXRs, they often fall short in delivering substantial improvements in downstream diagnosis tasks. This limitation is attributed to a narrow focus on instance-specific details, neglecting broader domain-level knowledge, which hampers bone-suppression effectiveness.

Neural Vector Fields: Generalizing Distance Vector Fields by Codebooks and Zero-Curl Regularization.

Recent neural networks based surface reconstruction can be roughly divided into two categories, one warping templates explicitly and the other representing 3D surfaces implicitly. To enjoy the advantages of both, we propose a novel 3D representation, Neural Vector Fields (NVF), which adopts the explicit learning process to manipulate meshes and implicit unsigned distance function (UDF) representation to break the barriers in resolution and topology. This is achieved by directly predicting the displacements from surface queries and modeling shapes as Vector Fields, rather than relying on network differentiation to obtain direction fields as most existing UDF-based methods do.

Gut metagenomes reveal interactions between dietary restriction, ageing and the microbiome in genetically diverse mice.

The gut microbiome changes with age and has been proposed to mediate the benefit of lifespan-extending interventions such as dietary restriction. However, the causes and consequences of microbiome ageing and the potential of such interventions remain unclear. Here we analysed 2,997 metagenomes collected longitudinally from 913 deeply phenotyped, genetically diverse mice to investigate interactions between the microbiome, ageing, dietary restriction (caloric restriction and fasting), host genetics and a range of health parameters.

Tumor Image Segmentation: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2003 to Now.

Background: Bibliometrics has been applied to the study of tumor image segmentation, which can indicate the current research hotspots and trends.

Method: In this study, bibliometric analyses were performed on data retrieved from the Web of Science database. A total of 3377 articles on the application of tumor image segmentation from January 1, 2003, to October 9, 2024, were analyzed for the characteristics of the articles, including the number of yearly publications, country/region, institution, journal, author, keywords, and references.

TTSwing: a Dataset for Table Tennis Swing and Racket Kinematics Analysis.

We introduce TTSwing, a novel dataset designed to analyze table tennis swings. The dataset was collected using custom racket grips embedded with 9-axis motion sensors, which provide precise kinematic data on swings. In addition, we provide anonymized demographic data for players.

Atomistic Understanding of Dislocation Climb in Nitride Semiconductors: Role of Asymmetric Jogs.

Effective control of dislocation climb is of fundamental interest and practical importance in tuning the mechanical and electronic properties of semiconductors. However, it remains a big challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of its inherent mechanism, in particular, in the nitride semiconductors. In this Letter, the atomic-scale climb process of a single dislocation in GaN is observed for the first time, which undergoes an alternating five- and nine-atomic-ring transformation.

Living on the Rocks: Genomic Analysis of Limestone Langurs Provides Novel Insights into the Adaptive Evolution in Extreme Karst Environments.

Understanding how organisms adapt to their environments is a central question in evolutionary biology. Limestone langurs are unique among primates, as they are exclusively found in karst limestone habitats and have evolved mechanisms to tolerate high levels of mineral ions, which are typically associated with metal toxicity affecting organs, cells, and genetic material. We generated a high-quality reference genome (Tfra_5.

Carbon doped cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic carbon shells: Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for ultrastable Zn-air batteries.

Rational design of low-cost, highly active and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essential for advancing the performance of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a facile one-step pyrolysis approach is reported to synthesize cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped graphitic carbon with a core-shell structure. The temperature-dependent interdiffusion of C and Co atoms at the interface was observed.

Dietary restriction impacts health and lifespan of genetically diverse mice.

Caloric restriction extends healthy lifespan in multiple species. Intermittent fasting, an alternative form of dietary restriction, is potentially more sustainable in humans, but its effectiveness remains largely unexplored. Identifying the most efficacious forms of dietary restriction is key for developing interventions to improve human health and longevity.

Covalent organic frameworks derived Single-Atom cobalt catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction in rechargeable Zn-Air batteries.

The design and development of high-performance and long-life Pt-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great important with respect to metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, a new low-cost covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-derived CoNC single-atoms catalyst (SAC) is fabricated and compared with the engineered nanoparticle (NP) counterpart for ORR activity. The ORR performance of the SAC catalyst (Co@NC) surpasses the NP counterpart (Co-NC) under the same operation condition.

Metabolic signature and response to glutamine deprivation are independent of p53 status in B cell malignancies.

The tumor suppressor p53 has been described to control various aspects of metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors, but in B cell malignancies that role is as yet unknown. We generated pairs of p53 functional and knockout (KO) clones from distinct B cell malignancies (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma). Metabolomics and isotope tracing showed that p53 loss did not drive a common metabolic signature.

Characterization and prebiotic potential of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by ultrasound-assisted extraction.

In this study, polysaccharides (RRTPs) were extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by hot water or ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction. The structural properties and potential prebiotic functions of RRTPs were investigated. Structural characterization was conducted through HPAEC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR and SEM.

Machine learning algorithms being an auxiliary tool to predict the overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma using the SEER database.

Background: The clinical prognosis assessment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still relies on nuclear grading and nuclear score by naked eye with microscope, which has defects long time, low efficiency, and uneven evaluation level criteria. There are few machine learning (ML) studies investigating the prognosis in the RCC literature which could also quantify the risk of postoperative recurrence of RCC patients and guide cancer patients to conduct individualized postoperative clinical management. This study evaluated the suitability of ML algorithms for survival prediction in patients with RCC.

Intrinsic factors responsible for brittle versus ductile nature of refractory high-entropy alloys.

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are of interest for ultrahigh-temperature applications. To overcome their drawbacks - low-temperature brittleness and poor creep strength at high temperatures - improved fundamental understanding is needed. Using experiments, theory, and modeling, we investigated prototypical body-centered cubic (BCC) RHEAs, TiZrHfNbTa and VNbMoTaW.

Insight into the pyrolysis of bamboo flour, polylactic acid and their composite: Pyrolysis behavior, kinetic triplets, and thermodynamic parameters based on Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution procedure.

Kinetic triplets and thermodynamics are important in the design of pyrolysis processing. In this study, the non-isothermal kinetics and thermodynamics of pseudo components of bamboo flour (BF), Polylactic acid (PLA), and the resulting BF/PLA composite were investigated using Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution. Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to characterize the gaseous products.

Clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatments, and oncological outcomes of localized primary unifocal urothelial carcinoma involving the ureterovesical junction.

Objective: To investigate clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatments, and oncological outcomes of patients with localized primary unifocal urothelial carcinoma involving the ureterovesical junction (UC-UVJ).

Patients And Methods: Localized primary unifocal UC-UVJ cases in patients admitted to our hospital from March 2013 to August 2021 were reviewed. Clinicopathological parameters, perioperative data, and oncological outcomes were compared between patients grouped by tumor location and surgical treatment.