Real-world data on trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1) efficacy and safety: Results of a single-centre retrospective study of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients.

HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) represents a challenging subtype of breast cancer, characterized by aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes. Trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1), an antibody-drug conjugate combining trastuzumab and emtansine, has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials as a second-line treatment for patients progressing after prior therapies. This study aims to provide real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of TDM1 in HER2-positive MBC patients.

Cyto-Histomorphological Analysis of Thyroid Lesions and Risk Assessment of Malignancy/Neoplasia: Insights From a North Indian Tertiary Oncology Center.

Background Thyroid nodules, whether benign or malignant, are commonly identified as palpable or incidental findings. Accurate diagnosis is critical, with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) playing a crucial role in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) standardizes FNAC reporting and estimates the risk of malignancy (ROM), aiding treatment decisions.

Triple Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy of Physician Discretion After Failure of Platinum-Based Therapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Phase III Randomized Study (METRO-CHASE Study).

Purpose: Platinum-refractory advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has poor outcomes and limited treatment options, especially in resource-constrained settings. Triple oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT), involving low-dose continuous administration of chemotherapeutic agents, has shown promise in phase II studies but lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials. This study evaluated whether triple OMCT improves overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy of physician discretion (CPD).

The Myriad Spectrum of Salivary Gland Lesions: Cytohistological Correlation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Core Needle Biopsy, and Resections in a 5-Year Single Institutional Experience of North India.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost-effective method used for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Due to the wide range of tumor types, overlapping morphology, and limited cellularity, diagnosing salivary gland lesions on FNAC can be challenging. A pattern-based approach focusing on cellular and architectural features possible on core needle biopsy (CNB) can help refine differential diagnoses.

Primary Ovarian Angiosarcoma: Diagnostic Challenges and Conundrums.

Angiosarcoma is an extremely uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm overall and moreso in female genital organs such as the ovary. Diagnosing primary ovarian angiosarcoma remains challenging on clinical grounds due to the absence of specific clinical symptoms as well as on histopathological analysis especially in poorly differentiated subtypes due to non-specific and overlapping morphologic features. Misdiagnosis in such scenarios can be devastating as this tumor is clinically very aggressive.

Unravelling Eribulin's role in metastatic breast cancer: evaluating benefits for both triple negative and non-triple negative patients in real-world scenarios in resource-constrained settings.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients have numerous options for treatment. However, it is essential to consider treatments with favorable toxicity profiles and convenient modes of administration. Eribulin has shown effectiveness in aggressive MBC, but there is a lack of sufficient real-world data specific to Indian patients.

ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma: A study of six cases from an oncopathology center in North India.

ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive course and poor therapeutic response to the standard R-CHOP regimen. Owing to its negativity for usual B- and T-cell markers and immunopositivity for epithelial markers, it can be easily misdiagnosed if it is not contemplated. To study the clinicopathological parameters of cases of ALK+ LBCL diagnosed at our institution.

A Rare Case of Primary Chondrosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Breast sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms originating from the mammary stroma. They are uncommon tumors, often occurring as a component of other tumors. Among malignant breast mesenchymal tumors, pure sarcomas lacking epithelial components are even rarer, comprising only 0.

Enigma of Gastric Teratoma in Infants: A Case Series.

Gastric teratomas are an extremely rare variety of teratomas in children. The aim of our series is to present the natural history and progression of the disease. Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data of all the gastric teratoma patients treated at our center was done from their electronic medical records.

Outcomes of De Novo Oligometastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Surgery of Primary and Metastasis Directed Radiotherapy.

Objectives: With sensitive imaging for breast cancer, the question arises whether present-day oncologists treat dOMBC with palliative systemic therapy (ST), which, a few years earlier, would have been treated with curative intent. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of dOMBC treated with curative intent using a combination of surgery, metastasis-directed radiotherapy (RT), and adjuvant/neoadjuvant ST and have also explored the possible role of total lesional glycolysis of metastases and p53 immunohistochemistry in predicting outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database using electronic medical records and Radiation Oncology Information System.

EWSR1 rearranged primary renal myoepithelial carcinoma: a diagnostic conundrum.

Primary renal myoepithelial carcinoma is an exceedingly rare neoplasm with an aggressive phenotype and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) rearrangement in a small fraction of cases. In addition to its rarity, the diagnosis can be challenging for the pathologist due to morphologic heterogeneity, particularly on the biopsy specimen. At times, immunohistochemistry may be indecisive; therefore, molecular studies should be undertaken for clinching the diagnosis.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma: A potential pitfall mimicking lung adenocarcinoma.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP), a rare benign lung tumor of primordial epithelial origin, commonly effects middle-aged Asian females. Diagnosis of this entity is challenging because of the non-specific radiological characteristics that resemble malignancies and its histological heterogeneity. Main differential diagnoses considered are adenocarcinoma lung and carcinoid tumor.

Metastasis of mucinous breast carcinoma to the lower alveolus as initial presentation: a diagnostic dilemma.

Metastases in the oral cavity are rare and comprise approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. They usually involve the jaws but may also be found in the soft tissues and salivary glands. Women's most common metastatic malignancies are from primary breast cancers.

Clinicopathologic Features of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Experience From a Tertiary Cancer Center of North India.

Introduction Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy that accounts for < 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of MBC patients treated at a tertiary cancer center. Materials and methods In this study, the authors retrospectively analyzed the prospectively maintained data of MBC patients treated at a tertiary cancer care center in North India between January 2019 and July 2022.

Hepatosplenic T Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostic Conundrum.

Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a very rare and aggressive peripheral T cell lymphoma that comprises less than 1% of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). It is derived from cytotoxic T-cells, usually of γδ T cell receptor type, and is characterized by primary extranodal disease with typical sinusoidal infiltration of the liver, spleen and bone marrow by medium-sized lymphoid cells. HSTCL occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients, especially in those receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy.

Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor of Common Bile Duct Identified With Somatostatin Receptor But Not With Glucose Transporter Imaging.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous group of tumors arising from enterochromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors are most commonly found in bowel and pancreatic tissue. Because of paucity of enterochromaffin cells in biliary tract, NETs of bile duct are very rare.

Utility of reticulocyte indices in the diagnosis of pancytopenia.

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a hematological condition in which there is a reduction in all three cell lines of blood. This study aims to evaluate the utility of reticulocyte indices such as reticulocyte % (retic %), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and mean reticulocyte volume (MRV) in identifying the cause of pancytopenia.

Materials And Methods: Reticulocyte indices were measured by an automated coulter.

Nodal Langerhans cell neoplasm: detailing the diagnostic quandaries.

Langerhans cells, found in the supra-basal region of the mucous membranes in the epidermis of the skin, in lymph nodes and thymus, function as antigen-presenting cells within the histiocyte system. Tumors derived from Langerhans cells (LC) can be divided according to the degree of cytological atypia and clinical behavior into Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS). LCS is rare, and the nodal presentation is even rarer with challenging histological characteristics.

Mélange of Lymphoepithelial Lesions of Salivary Glands from a Tertiary Care Center of North East India: Diagnostic Conundrums.

Lymphocytic infiltrates of the major salivary glands are involved in a spectrum of diseases that range from reactive to benign and malignant neoplasms. Occasionally, these pathologic entities present difficulties in the clinical and pathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of meticulous cytopathological and histopathological examination (HPE) in solving the diagnostic challenges encountered in the analysis of these salivary gland lesions.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostic Perils and Pitfalls, an Underrecognized Entity.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is an extremely uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with a distinctive histomorphologic, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic profile. It is unlike the more common ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, although the latter shares the ALK rearrangement pathognomonic for this entity. ALK+ LBCL is an underrecognized entity since it is rare and unfamiliar, and shares morphologic and immunohistochemical features with a variety of other neoplasms that can result in misdiagnosis.

Synchronous eyelid oncocytoma and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia.

Oncocytoma of the eyelid is a rare neoplasm. Oncocytoma associated with an ocular surface squamous neoplasm, namely conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, is very hard to find in the literature. Herein we report a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with a swelling in the right lower lid over the last 6 years, along with a growth in the conjunctiva of the same eye for the last 2 years and encroaching upon the cornea for the last 4 months.