Vocal Function Changes in Patients With Benign Thyroid Nodules After Radiofrequency Ablation.

Objective: To objectively evaluate changes in vocal function in patients with benign thyroid nodules following radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods: Seventy-five patients diagnosed with benign thyroid nodules who underwent RFA were included in the study. These patients received thyroid sonography both preRFA and 3 months postRFA.

Cobalt(II) Aqua Complex-Mediated Hydrogen Peroxide Activation: Possible Roles of HOOOH and Co(II)-OOOH Intermediates in Singlet Oxygen Generation.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that [Co(HO)] reacts with two HO molecules to form [(HO)Co(OOH)(HO)] reactant complexes, which decompose through three distinct pathways depending on the relative orientation between the coordinated OOH and HO ligands. The reactive intermediates produced via these activation pathways include hydroperoxyl (OOH)/superoxide (O) radicals, singlet oxygen (O), and Co(III) species [(HO)Co(O)], [(HO)Co(OH)], and [(HO)Co(OH)]. The Co(III) species display from moderate to strong oxidizing abilities that have long been overlooked.

Association between personality types and low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients following surgery.

Purpose: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has had many impacts on the lives of patients and substantial differences in emotional and social functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation analysis of different personality traits in rectal cancer patients with LARS after undergoing curative surgery.

Methods: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study.

Induction of chromosome-specific micronuclei and chromothripsis by centromere inactivation.

Chromothripsis describes the catastrophic fragmentation of individual chromosomes followed by its haphazard reassembly into a derivative chromosome harboring complex rearrangements. This process can be initiated by mitotic cell division errors when one or more chromosomes aberrantly mis-segregate into micronuclei and acquire extensive DNA damage. Approaches to induce the formation of micronuclei encapsulating random chromosomes have been used; however, the eventual reincorporation of the micronucleated chromosome into daughter cell nuclei poses a challenge in tracking the chromosome for multiple cell cycles.

DFT study on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron complexes of nitrilotriacetate.

The Fenton system in the presence of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) ligand is studied by DFT approach. The calculations show that complexation of Fe(II) with NTA significantly facilitates the H O activation. The ferric-hydroperoxo intermediate NTAFe(III)OOH predominantly decays via the disproportionation into NTAFe(II)OH and NTAFe(IV)O involving the formation of a μ-1,2-hydroperoxo-bridged biferric intermediate.

Mitotic clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei.

Complex genome rearrangements can be generated by the catastrophic pulverization of missegregated chromosomes trapped within micronuclei through a process known as chromothripsis. As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis. Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell.

Neuroprotective Effects of PS128 in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota and MicroRNAs.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and marked neuroinflammation in various brain regions. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and mounting evidence has suggested an association with the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gut dysbiosis. Using a rotenone-induced PD mouse model, we observed that administration of PS128 (PS128) significantly improved motor deficits in PD-like mice, accompanied by an increased level of dopamine, reduced dopaminergic neuron loss, reduced microglial activation, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, and enhanced expression of neurotrophic factor in the brain.

Elevated Hippocampal CRMP5 Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Disrupting Synaptic Plasticity, Hindering AMPAR Trafficking, and Triggering Cytokine Release.

Chronic stress is a critical risk factor for developing depression, which can impair cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric-related disorders.

De novo pyrimidine synthesis is a targetable vulnerability in IDH mutant glioma.

Mutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are prevalent in glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. Although mutant IDH inhibitors are effective against leukemia, they seem to be less active in aggressive glioma, underscoring the need for alternative treatment strategies. Through a chemical synthetic lethality screen, we discovered that IDH1-mutant glioma cells are hypersensitive to drugs targeting enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).

DFT mechanistic study on the formation of 8-oxoguanine and spiroiminodihydantoin mediated by iron Fenton reactions.

Fenton reactions unavoidably take place in the human body and have been demonstrated to cause oxidative DNA damage. However, the molecular-level understanding of DNA damage mediated by Fenton reactions is limited. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were made to investigate the counterion effects on aqueous Fenton reactions and the detailed mechanisms of chemical modifications to guanine induced by Fenton reactions.

Cellular senescence as a driver of cognitive decline triggered by chronic unpredictable stress.

When an individual is under stress, the undesired effect on the brain often exceeds expectations. Additionally, when stress persists for a long time, it can trigger serious health problems, particularly depression. Recent studies have revealed that depressed patients have a higher rate of brain aging than healthy subjects and that depression increases dementia risk later in life.

The Roles of Immunoregulatory Networks in Severe Drug Hypersensitivity.

The immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and co-signaling receptors have gained much attention, as they help balance immunogenic and immunotolerant responses that may be disrupted in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Drug hypersensitivity has a myriad of manifestations, which ranges from the mild maculopapular exanthema to the severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS/DIHS). While studies have identified high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes, the presence of the HLA allotype at risk is not sufficient to elicit drug hypersensitivity.

Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) modulates susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mice.

Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), a member of the CRMP family, is expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that can modulate stress responses. Social stress has a well-known detrimental effect on health and can lead to depression, but not all individuals are equally sensitive to stress. To date, researchers have not conclusively determined how social stress increases the susceptibility of the brain to depression.

The association between immune-related adverse events and survival outcomes in Asian patients with advanced melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Background: The association between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and survival outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma receiving therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been well established, particularly in Asian melanoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 melanoma patients undergoing therapy with ICIs (anti-PD-1 monotherapy), and analyzed the correlation between irAEs and clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results: Overall, the patients who experienced grade 1-2 irAEs had longer PFS (median PFS, 4.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Melanoma: Experience at a Single Institution in Taiwan.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed the current approach to cancer treatment. Although the use of ICIs has become the standard of care for advanced melanoma, reports of ICI use among Asian populations with melanoma are limited. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of ICI use in Taiwanese patients.

An automated alarm system for food safety by using electronic invoices.

Background: Invoices had been used in food product traceability, however, none have addressed the automated alarm system for food safety by utilizing electronic invoice big data. In this paper, we present an alarm system for edible oil manufacture that can prevent a food safety crisis rather than trace problematic sources post-crisis.

Materials And Methods: Using nearly 100 million labeled e-invoices from the 2013‒2014 of 595 edible oil manufacturers provided by Ministry of Finance, we applied text-mining, statistical and machine learning techniques to "train" the system for two functions: (1) to sieve edible oil-related e-invoices of manufacturers who may also produce other merchandise and (2) to identify suspicious edible oil manufacture based on irrational transactions from the e-invoices sieved.

RUVBL1/RUVBL2 ATPase Activity Drives PAQosome Maturation, DNA Replication and Radioresistance in Lung Cancer.

RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 (collectively RUVBL1/2) are essential AAA+ ATPases that function as co-chaperones and have been implicated in cancer. Here we investigated the molecular and phenotypic role of RUVBL1/2 ATPase activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We find that RUVBL1/2 are overexpressed in NSCLC patient tumors, with high expression associated with poor survival.

Relative D3 vitamin deficiency and consequent cognitive impairment in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential involvement of collapsin response mediator protein-2.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) starts with memory impairments that can be observed before the appearance of significant neuropathology; thus, identifying mechanisms to stop AD progression is an urgent priority. Epidemiological and clinical data show that the consequences of vitamin D deficiency are relevant to disease risk and can be observed in the progression of many diseases, especially AD, whereas higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with better cognitive test performance. However, the potential therapeutic strategy and underlying mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation against AD still need to be further investigated.

Response evaluation for immunotherapy through semi-automatic software based on RECIST 1.1, irRC, and iRECIST criteria: comparison with subjective assessment.

Background: Pseudoprogression is difficult to diagnose in patients undergoing immunotherapy. Subjective response assessment is still common in clinical practice.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences between response evaluation criteria in solid tumors version 1.

Hand-foot syndrome and its impact on daily activities in breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

Purpose: Breast cancer patients who undergo docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimens can have hand-foot syndrome (HFS), which negatively impacts their ability to perform daily activities. The purpose of the study was to assess, in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: the perceived levels of HFS-related symptoms of the feet, hands or fingers; and HFS-related restrictions in daily activities; as well as to identify factors associated with these symptoms and restrictions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined breast cancer patients who received docetaxel-based chemotherapy from the general surgery outpatient department and oncology outpatient department of a medical center in northern Taiwan.

Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) causes social deficits and accelerates memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by several behavioral disturbances, especially cognitive decline and deficits in social competence. Previous studies revealed that decreased social activity would accelerate AD progression, whereas enhanced social interaction could rescue AD-induced memory impairment. Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), which belongs to a family of cytosolic proteins, is abundantly expressed in the brain and is involved in the regulation of neurodevelopment and the pathology of several neuropsychiatric diseases.

Factors impacting on discordance with treatment plan in head and neck cancer patients: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify the factors and reasons impacting discordance with the treatment plan in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and compare the differences between the concordance group and the discordance group.

Methods: This secondary analysis was conducted from population-based data from Taiwan collected from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to discordance with the treatment plan.

Author Correction: CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells.

Further analysis has revealed that the signal reported in Extended Data Fig. 1c of this Letter is attributed to phosphorylethanolamine, not carbamoyl phosphate. A newly developed derivatization method revealed that the level of carbamoyl phosphate in these NSCLC extracts is below the detection threshold of approximately 10 nanomoles.