Tumor-infiltrating B cells produce tumor-specific antibodies and may contribute to suppressing tumor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The involvement of T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells, in tumor immunity has been reported, but the roles of B cells and antibodies in tumor immunity remain unclear. Previous studies have primarily focused on circulating B cells in the blood, with limited investigation of tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-Bs) and their secreted antibodies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue. This study aimed to clarify TIL-Bs' role in HNSCC through comprehensive analyses including single-cell RNA sequencing of 68 cases, B-cell receptor repertoire analysis, multiplex immunofluorescence staining, and spatial transcriptomics analysis of resected HNSCC specimens.

Retrospective study comparing rectal endoscopic submucosal dissection with and without Foley catheter drainage tube placement.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for rectal tumors but maintaining a clear surgical field during the procedure is challenging, especially for novice operators. This study aimed to investigate whether continuous drainage using a Foley catheter could enhance efficiency and safety of rectal ESD performed by novice endoscopists under expert supervision.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study involved 26 patients who underwent rectal ESD between March 2023 and October 2024.

Improvement of Colonoscopic Image Quality Using a New LED Endoscopic System with Specialized Noise Reduction.

A new LED endoscopy system featuring advanced noise-reduction technology, the EP-8000 with the EC-860ZP colonoscope (Fujifilm), was introduced in 2024. We evaluated the improvements in colonoscopic image quality of this system, comparing it with a previous system/scope (VP-7000/EC-760ZP). This is a multicenter, observational study.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus through Treg dysregulation.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with autoimmune features and malignant transformation risk, lacking a definitive treatment, with CD4 T cells being pivotal in its pathogenesis. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbiome, is linked to various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, where CD4 T cells play a significant role. Given these insights, the development of OLP might be influenced by dysbiosis.

The impact of environmental enrichment on energy metabolism in ovariectomized mice.

After menopause, a decline in ovarian function leads to various physical and psychological changes, potentially resulting in a range of pathological conditions, including abnormalities in energy metabolism. In recent years, environmental enrichment, which is characterized by positive and comfortable eustress, has been shown to improve various physiological and pathological conditions. This study investigated the effects of environmental factors on energy metabolism in a menopause model using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model.

4-Octyl Itaconate Attenuates Cell Proliferation by Cellular Senescence Glutathione Metabolism Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Melanoma.

Itaconate (IA) is synthesized in the citric acid cycle cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1); however, its biological significance in cancer remains incompletely understood. In previous studies, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) was used as a membrane-permeable form of IA, but little detailed verification of the difference in biological activities between IA and OI exists. Here, we investigated the direct effects of IA and OI on melanoma.

Prophylactic clip closure in preventing delayed bleeding after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients on anticoagulants: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Background:  The effectiveness of prophylactic clip closure in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is uncertain among patients on anticoagulants. We therefore aimed to assess this effectiveness using data from a large multicenter study.

Methods:  We used the ABCD-J study database to analyze delayed bleeding among 34 455 colorectal ESD cases from 47 Japanese institutions.

Differences in regions of interest to identify deeply invasive colorectal cancers: Computer-aided diagnosis vs expert endoscopists.

Diagnostic performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for deep submucosally invasive (T1b) colorectal cancer was excellent, but the "regions of interest" (ROI) within images are not obvious. Class activation mapping (CAM) enables identification of the ROI that CAD utilizes for diagnosis. The purpose of this study was a quantitative investigation of the difference between CAD and endoscopists.

Feasibility of Near-infrared Photoimmunotherapy Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Unresectable Head and Neck Cancer.

Background/aim: Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed cancer treatment modality that selectively kills cancer cells and may induce a therapeutic host immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of combining NIR-PIT with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for unresectable recurrent head and neck cancer.

Patients And Methods: Five patients underwent NIR-PIT at Ryukyu University Hospital between January 2022 and April 2024.

Endoscopic findings and outcomes of gastric mucosal changes relating to potassium-competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor therapy.

Gastric mucosal changes associated with long-term potassium-competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy may raise concern. In contrast to that for PPIs, the evidence concerning the safety of long-term potassium-competitive acid blocker use is scant. Vonoprazan (VPZ) is a representative potassium-competitive acid blocker released in Japan in 2015.

Multicenter prospective randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the pocket-creation method with and without single-clip traction of colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: The pocket-creation method (PCM) was developed to overcome the technical difficulties of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), although opening the pocket remains challenging. We developed a novel technique of PCM with single-clip traction (PCM-CT), which uses a reopenable clip as a traction device to maintain stability during the procedure. No prospective study has compared the efficacy of PCM-CT and PCM.