Clinical implications and prognostic value of mastoid effusion in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: The clinical significance of mastoid effusion (ME) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients has not been well elucidated. Recently, an association between ME and intracranial pressure (ICP) has been reported. We aimed to investigate the clinical implications of ME occurrence in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients and its association with their prognosis.

Radiotherapy quality assurance program of ongoing clinical trial using stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer (SABR-ROC): a dummy run study of a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase III trial (KGOG 3064/KROG 2204).

Background: Recurrent ovarian cancer is often treated with chemotherapy, but many patients experience multiple recurrences with progressively shorter intervals and poorer prognosis. Repeated chemotherapy reduces patients' quality of life. Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (SABR-ROC) (KGOG3064/KROG 2204) is an ongoing trial investigating the clinical efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) for recurrent ovarian cancer.

Intrinsic Thermal Hall Effect in Mott Insulators.

In light of recent experimental data indicating a substantial thermal Hall effect in square lattice antiferromagnetic Mott insulators, we investigate whether a simple Mott insulator can sustain a finite thermal Hall effect. We verify that the answer is "no" if one performs calculations within a spin-only low-energy effective spin model with noninteracting magnons. However, by performing determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show the single-band t-t^{'}-U Hubbard model coupled to an orbital magnetic field does support a finite thermal Hall effect when t^{'}≠0 and B≠0 in the Mott insulating phase.

Clinical indications and future directions of carbon-ion radiotherapy: a narrative review.

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) offers superior dose distributions and greater biological effectiveness than conventional photon-based radiotherapy (RT). Due to its higher linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness, CIRT is particularly effective against radioresistant tumors and those located near critical organs. Since the first dedicated CIRT facility was established in Japan in 1994, CIRT has demonstrated remarkable efficacy against various malignancies, including head and neck tumors, skull base and upper cervical spine tumors, non-small-cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

Improving mortality prediction after radiotherapy with large language model structuring of large-scale unstructured electronic health records.

Background And Purpose: Avoiding unnecessary radiotherapy (RT) in patients with limited life expectancy requires accurate selection. Traditional survival models based on structured data often lack precision. Large language models (LLMs) offer a novel approach to structuring unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data, potentially improving survival predictions by integrating comprehensive clinical information.

Role of radiotherapy in the management of breast cancer with skin involvement.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on symptomatic relief and tumor control in patients with breast cancer with skin involvement.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients who received palliative RT of the breast or chest wall for breast cancer with skin involvement. Progression-free survival, freedom from local progression (FFLP), and symptomatic response were evaluated.

Association of cul-de-sac seeding with intraperitoneal tumor burden in advanced ovarian cancer (CIEL, KGOG 4003).

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between tumor seeding in the cul-de-sac, assessed by transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound, and intraperitoneal tumor burden in advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 101 patients scheduled for surgery due to suspected or newly diagnosed ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer at three hospitals in Korea (Feb 2022-Dec 2023). Five were excluded for missing ultrasound or surgery, and eleven for benign or other malignancies.

High momentum two-dimensional propagation of emitted photoluminescence coupled with surface lattice resonance.

Dramatic fluorescence enhancement in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials (vdWMs) coupled to plasmonic nanostructures has the potential to enable ultrathin, flexible, and high-brightness illumination devices. However, addressing the limitation of locally scattered small plasmon-enhanced areas remains challenging. Here, we present a 2D plasmonic enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) spanning nearly 800 μm, enabled by surface lattice resonance (SLR) in a 2D vdWM-Au slot lattice hybrid.

FloWise Flow Diverter for Treatment of Unruptured Wide-Neck Intracranial Aneurysms: A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Pivotal Study.

Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new flow diverter in the treatment of unruptured wide-neck aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: Patients who had unruptured intracranial aneurysms with a neck diameter ≥4 mm or dome-to-neck ratio <2 and who met other eligibility criteria were enrolled from seven institutions. The patients were treated with a new flow diverter (FloWise; Taewoong Medical, Seoul, Korea) and followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.

Perioperative outcomes in patients with very low-risk endometrial cancer undergoing surgery without lymph node dissection: Results from KGOG 2021.

Aim: To evaluate the perioperative outcomes of patients with endometrial cancer meeting the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) criteria who underwent surgery without lymph node dissection.

Methods: This study included 153 patients who met the KGOG criteria: (1) endometrioid histology, (2) myometrial invasion <50%, (3) tumor confined to the corpus, (4) no lymph node >1 cm, and (5) serum CA125 ≤ 35 U/mL. The patients underwent surgery without lymph node dissection at 11 hospitals in Korea between February 2020 and May 2024.

End-to-end breast cancer radiotherapy planning via LMMs with consistency embedding.

Recent advances in AI foundation models have significant potential for lightening the clinical workload by mimicking the comprehensive and multi-faceted approaches used by medical professionals. In the field of radiation oncology, the integration of multiple modalities holds great importance, so the opportunity of foundational model is abundant. Inspired by this, here we present RO-LMM, a multi-purpose, comprehensive large multimodal model (LMM) tailored for the field of radiation oncology.

Label-independent framework for objective evaluation of cosmetic outcome in breast cancer.

With advancements in the field of breast cancer treatment, the assessment of postsurgical cosmetic outcomes has gained increasing significance owing to its substantial impact on patients' quality of life. However, evaluating breast cosmesis is challenging because of the inherently subjective nature of expert labeling. In this study, we present a novel automated approach, attention-guided denoising diffusion anomaly detection (AG-DDAD), designed to assess breast cosmesis following surgery.

Preliminary results of pravastatin on non-hemorrhagic vertebral artery dissection: an exploratory randomized and controlled study.

Background: There is limited information about the pleiotropic effects of statin on cerebrovascular diseases. The authors aimed to investigate the effect of pravastatin on non-hemorrhagic vertebral artery dissection (VAD) in a clinical setting.

Methods: An exploratory randomized and controlled study was designed for the non-hemorrhage VAD (CRIS, KCT00035970).

Woven endobridge embolization versus microsurgical clipping for unruptured wide-neck cerebral aneurysms on middle cerebral artery bifurcation.

Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is an endovascular treatment for wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs). This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of the WEB comparing to clipping for treating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) WNBAs. For the matched analysis, we designed a retrospective, tertiary, single-center study including 288 MCA WNBAs treated with WEB (n = 37) or clipping (n = 251).

Improved Prognostic Stratification With 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Staging in Endometrial Cancer Reflecting Poor Prognosis of Aggressive Histological Types and p53 Abnormality.

This study compares the distribution and prognostic impact of the 2009 and 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems for endometrial cancer and their impact on the 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) risk classification. Patients were restaged according to the 2009 FIGO staging system, the 2023 FIGO staging system, and the 2023 FIGO staging system with molecular classification. Risk groups were assigned according to the 2022 ESMO guidelines using each staging system.

Observation of a non-Hermitian supersonic mode on a trapped-ion quantum computer.

Quantum computers have long been anticipated to excel in simulating quantum many-body physics. In this work, we demonstrate the power of variational quantum circuits for resource-efficient simulations of dynamical and equilibrium physics in non-Hermitian systems. Using a variational quantum compilation scheme for fermionic systems, we reduce gate count, save qubits, and eliminate the need for postselection, a major challenge in simulating non-Hermitian dynamics via standard Trotterization.

Comparative analysis between stent-assisted coiling and Woven EndoBridge embolization for unruptured wide-necked bifurcation intracranial aneurysms: A propensity score matching study.

Background: Before the utilization of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) for the treatment of wide-necked bifurcation intracranial aneurysms (WNBA), stent-assisted coiling (SAC) was the predominant endovascular treatment. Studies directly comparing the outcomes of these two methods are still limited. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of SAC and WEB embolization for unruptured WNBAs through propensity score matching.

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for 26 Gy in 5 Fractions Whole Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer.

Purpose: To report the dosimetric and toxicity outcomes of patients treated with 26 Gy in 5 fractions ultrahypofractionated (uHF) whole breast irradiation (WBI) using volumetric arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods And Materials: We identified 476 consecutive patients who underwent WBI using VMAT-uHF between 2020 and 2021. Study endpoints included acute toxicity and dosimetric parameters for target volume and organs at risk.

Enhanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis by the Rational Decoration of RuO with the In Situ-Grown CoFe Nanolayer.

Rational engineering of the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts (especially the surfaces of supported metals) can endow intriguing catalytic functionalities for electrochemical reactions. However, it often requires complicated steps, and even if it does not, breaking the trade-off between activity and stability is quite challenging. Herein, we present a strategy for reconstructing supported catalysts via in situ growth of metallic nanolayers from the perovskite oxide support.

Impact of bra application in breast cancer radiotherapy: A pilot prospective randomized trial.

Purpose: This prospective, randomized clinical trial evaluated the effects of bra-wearing during radiotherapy on breast-shape reproducibility, dosimetry, and treatment toxicities in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery were randomly assigned to bra-wearing or non-wearing groups during radiotherapy. Breast-shape reproducibility was assessed using daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Design Analysis and Isotropic Optimization for Miniature Capacitive Force/Torque Sensor.

A capacitive six-axis force/torque (F/T) sensor has favorable characteristics for miniature design. However, when designing small-sized force/torque sensors, anisotropy among the six axes can lead to uneven sensitivity across each axis. This is due to increased crosstalk errors, which degrade sensor performance.

Clinical practice guidelines for uterine corpus cancer: an update to the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines.

The Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology has updated its clinical practice guidelines for endometrial cancer to incorporate advancements in recent high-quality randomized controlled trials. These guidelines address evolving treatment paradigms, and are tailored to the Korean medical context. Key updates include a strong recommendation for doxorubicin/trabectedin combination therapy in metastatic or recurrent unresectable leiomyosarcoma based on the significant survival benefits demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial.