Multi-Ancestry Mendelian Randomization Reveals Lipid-Associated Genetic Risk Factors for COPD.

Background: Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the causal relationship between lipid traits and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have primarily focused on individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, limiting the generalizability of findings. This study aimed to address this limitation.

Methods: Summary-level data for individuals of East Asian (EAS), African (AFR), and Hispanic (HIS) ancestry were obtained from large-scale genetic databases.

DIPathMamba: A domain-incremental weakly supervised state space model for pathology image segmentation.

Accurate segmentation of pathology images plays a crucial role in digital pathology workflow. However, two significant issues exist with the present pathology image segmentation methods: (i) Most fully supervised models rely on dense pixel-level annotations for superior results; (ii) Traditional static models are challenging to handle the massive amount of pathology data in multiple domains. To address these issues, we propose a Domain-Incremental Weakly Supervised State-space Model (DIPathMamba) that not only segments pathology images using image-level labels but also dynamically learns new domain knowledge and preserves the discriminability of previous domains.

Neoadjuvant alectinib in locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement: case series and literature review.

In view of the success of targeted therapy in the field of advanced lung cancer, it is gradually pushed further to neoadjuvant therapy. Alectinib has been recommended for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) + non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in first-line therapy. Here, we report two cases of neoadjuvant alectinib in locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma with ALK rearrangement.

Modulation of NF-κB/miR-21/PTEN pathway sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to cisplatin.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is a standard strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while chemoresistance remains a major therapeutic challenge in current clinical practice. Our present study was aimed to determine whether inhibition of the NF-κB/miR-21/PTEN pathway could increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin.

Methods: The expression of miR-21 in NSCLC tissues was determined using in situ hybridization.