Effects of motor-cognitive training on cognitive function and gait performance in older adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Motor-cognitive training combines motor and cognitive tasks during the training. So far, its effectiveness on cognitive function and gait in people with dementia remains unknown, and whether it is superior to single physical or cognitive training has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of motor-cognitive training on cognitive function and gait in people with dementia.

Impacts of Codependent Cognitive-Motor Training on Balance and Cognition in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of codependent cognitive-motor training (CMT) focused on stepping movements in improving balance and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD).

Data Sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid), PEDro, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to April 2025 for relevant studies, limited to human studies published in English.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials comparing codependent CMT with either conventional physiotherapy (active control) or usual care (passive control) in individuals with PD were included.

Effects of dual-task training on gait variability in individuals with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine the effects of dual-task training on gait variability in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Design: This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This study recruited 28 individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 26 datasets were analyzed.

Relationship between executive function and dual-task walking in people with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Cognitive impairment may present early in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), with deficits in executive function potentially impacting gait performance. Previous studies have investigated the association between dual-task walking and executive function in PwPD; however, the results were inconsistent, and the correlation between dual-task walking and subdomains of executive function has not been explored. This study aims to examine the correlation between dual-task walking and subdomains of executive function in PD and assess the predictive power of different subdomains of executive function on dual-task walking performance.

Multihealth Promotion Programs on Physical Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Physical activity and appropriate nutrition are essential for older adults. Improving physical health and quality of life can lead to healthy aging.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of multihealth promotion programs on the physical and mental health of older adults in communities.

The Brain Waves During Reaching Tasks in People with Subacute Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Subacute low back pain (sLBP) is a critical transitional phase between acute and chronic stages and is key in determining the progression to chronic pain. While persistent pain has been linked to changes in brain activity, studies have focused mainly on acute and chronic phases, leaving neural changes during the subacute phase-especially during movement-under-researched. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate changes in brain activity and the impact of pain intensity in individuals with sLBP during rest and reaching movements.

Effects of mirror therapy on motor and functional recovery of the upper extremity in subacute stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and synthesize existing evidence on the effect of mirror therapy (MT) on motor and functional recovery and the effect of unimanual and bimanual MT in individuals with subacute stroke.

Methodology: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane, and Airiti Library were searched for relevant studies. Randomized and pilot randomized controlled trials comparing MT with sham MT or conventional therapy were included.

Improving Executive Function and Dual-Task Cost in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Dual-task walking is challenging for people with Parkinson disease (PD). Gait performance worsens while executing dual tasks, possibly due to a decline in executive function (EF). This study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task training on EF and dual-task cost (DTC) in people with PD and to explore whether training-induced changes in EF were associated with changes in DTC.

Effects of DLPFC tDCS Followed by Treadmill Training on Dual-Task Gait and Cortical Excitability in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Gait disturbances are exacerbated in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) during dual-task walking (DTW). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on gait performance and cortical excitability in PD; however, its combined effects with treadmill training (TT) remain undetermined.

Objective: To investigate the effects of tDCS followed by TT on DTW performance and cortical excitability in individuals with PD.

Effects of exercise on bone density and physical performance in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Postmenopausal bone loss and decreased physical performance are commonly presented issues. This study aimed through systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the benefits of adding exercise to medicine/supplements in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted of four electronic databases for articles published from inception to December 2023.

Prefrontal activity and heart rate variability during cognitive tasks may show different changes in young and older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Age-related decline in cognitive function is often linked to changed prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and heart rate variability (HRV). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, might have further degeneration beyond aging. This study aimed to investigate the differences between young and older adults with or without MCI in cognitive functions, task-induced PFC activation and HRV changes.

Effects of motor and cognitive complex training on obstacle walking and brain activity in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The difficulties in obstacle walking are significant in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) leading to an increased fall risk. Effective interventions to improve obstacle walking with possible training-related neuroplasticity changes are needed. We developed two different exercise programs, complex walking training and motor-cognitive training, both challenging motor and cognitive function for people with PD to improve obstacle walking.

Effects of physical training on depression and related quality of life in pre-frail and frail older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of physical training on depression and related quality of life in pre-frail and frail individuals.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Participants: Pre-frail and frail older adults.

Preventing functional decline in hospitalized older adults in medical ward: a best practice implementation project.

Introduction And Objectives: Functional decline frequently occurs in older adults in hospitals. The aim of this project was to promote evidence-based strategies for physical activity to prevent functional decline in hospitalized older adults in a medical center in southern Taiwan.

Methods: This project was guided by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework.

Gait performance and prefrontal cortex activation during single and dual task walking in older adults with different cognitive levels.

Background: Growing evidence shows the cognitive function influences the motor performance. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a part of the executive locomotor pathway is also important for cognitive function. This study investigated the differences in motor function and brain activity among older adults with different cognitive levels, and examined the significance of cognition on motor functions.

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Followed by Treadmill Training on Dual-Task Walking and Cortical Activity in Chronic Stroke: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To explore the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation followed by treadmill training on dual-task gait performance and contralesional cortical activity in chronic stroke patients.

Methods: Forty-five chronic stroke participants were randomized into 3 groups: a bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation and treadmill training group; a cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation and treadmill training group; and a sham transcranial direct current stimulation and treadmill training group for 50 min per session (20 min transcranial direct current stimulation followed by 30 min treadmill training), 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included cognitive dual-task walking, motor dual-task walking, walking performance, contralesional cortical activity, and lower-extremity motor control.

Effects of Dual Task Training on Dual Task Gait Performance and Cognitive Function in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.

Objective: To explore the effects of dual task (DT) training on DT gait performance and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and to examine factors that might influence the effects of DT training.

Data Sources: PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Medline were searched for articles published from January 2006 to December 2021.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials comparing DT training with usual care or general exercise were included.

Effects of square-stepping exercise on executive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled pilot study.

With the aging population, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) increases over time. In this study, a popular and interesting exercise called the square-stepping exercise (SSE) was chosen as an intervention for people with PD. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of SSE on cognitive function, especially executive function.

Balance Training Modulates Cortical Inhibition in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Most individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop balance dysfunction. Previous studies showed that individuals with PD have abnormal corticomotor changes related to severity of motor symptoms and disease progression. Cortical disinhibition was observed in PD and this alteration can be an early sign of PD.

Effects of strength exercises combined with other training on physical performance in frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Strength training is one of the most important protocols for frailty prevention in the older population. However, effects of adding other types of exercise to strength training in frail older adults remain unknown. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis determined the effects of strength exercise combined with other types of training on physical performance in frail older adults.

Effects of different dual task training on dual task walking and responding brain activation in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

The concurrent additional tasking impacts the walking performance, and such impact is even greater in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in healthy elders. However, effective training program to improve dual task walking ability for the people with MCI is not immediately provided. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive and motor dual task walking training on dual task walking performance and the responding brain changes in older people with MCI.

Altered corticospinal excitability of scapular muscles in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare corticospinal excitability in the upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in participants with and without shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Fourteen participants with SIS, and 14 without SIS were recruited through convenient sampling in this study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation assessment of the scapular muscles was performed while the participants were holding their arm at 90 degrees scaption.

Multiarea Brain Activation and Gait Deterioration During a Cognitive and Motor Dual Task in Individuals With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Purpose: In people with Parkinson disease (PD), gait performance deteriorating during dual-task walking has been noted in previous studies. However, the effects of different types of dual tasks on gait performance and brain activation are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive and motor dual-task walking performance on multiarea brain activity in individuals with PD.

Comparing different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on dual-task walking and cortical activity in chronic stroke: double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate cortical activity for improving motor function. However, the different tDCS applications for modulating cortical activity and dual task gait performance in chronic stroke have not yet been investigated. This study investigated the effects of different tDCS applications on dual task gait performance and contralesional M1 activation in chronic stroke.