Factors of Composite Target of Time in Range and Time Below Range Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery.

Objectives: To explore glycemic outcomes after open-source Android artificial pancreas system (AAPS) use and factors of achieving composite target (time in range of 70-180 mg/dL [TIR]>70% and time below range of 70 mg/dL [TBR70] <4%) among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: T1DM people aged under 18 years and who used AAPS for ≥6 months were included. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics were calculated after 3 and 6 months of AAPS use.

Efficacy and safety of a tubeless open-source hybrid automated insulin delivery use at home among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results from a 26-week, free-living, randomized crossover trial.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a tubeless open-source hybrid automated insulin delivery (OS-AID) in managing adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in China, where commercial AID systems are not accessible.

Methods: In this open-label randomized crossover study, adults with T1DM aged 18-75 years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7%-11% (53-97 mmol/mol) and who have never used AID previously, were assigned to either Android-version hybrid OS-AID (AAPS) or sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) therapy for three months, followed by a crossover to the alternative treatment for an additional three months. The primary endpoint was the percentage of time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL [3.

Pregnancy-Specific Glucose Management Index Predicts Preterm Birth and Pre-Eclampsia Superior to HbA1c in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of HbA1c and pregnancy-specific Glucose Management Index (GMI) in forecasting adverse pregnancy outcomes for pregnancies with T1DM.

Materials And Methods: In this pre-specified secondary analysis of the CARNATION study, one hundred pregnancies with T1DM who used continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) and had pregnancy outcomes were included. We compared the predictive performance of HbA1c and GMI in identifying composite adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO, including maternal death, pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, preterm birth, neonatal death, large for gestational age, congenital malformations, neonatal hypoglycemia, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)) among them.

The association between new insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The association between newly developed insulin resistance (IR) indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes has not been investigated.

Methods: Baseline data and all-cause mortality for 1,248 elderly diabetes patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2018 were collected. The traditional IR index homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and several newly developed indices, including metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), were calculated for the patients.

Foot screening and customized health education program for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A nurse-led, real-world observational study.

Background: Research has shown that DPN affects 50 % of individuals with diabetes and, in severe cases, can lead to amputation or death. Interventions led by doctors for DPN have demonstrated limited effectiveness in delaying its onset and progression. Nevertheless, there is an increasing recognition of the significance of nurse-led screening and health education in the early detection and slowing down of DPN.

Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes with time-in-range in target.

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk of hypoglycemia also occurs in at a time-in-range (TIR) of > 70%. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered the best single factor for predicting hypoglycemia, and offers new perspectives for the individualized treatment of patients with well-controlled blood glucose levels that are easily ignored in clinical settings.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between HGI and hypoglycemia and the implications of HGI on hypoglycemia in T2DM with TIR > 70%.

Real-world efficacy and safety of open-source automated insulin delivery for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Experience from mainland China.

Background: Open-source automated insulin delivery systems are increasingly adopted yet predominantly discussed outside of Asia. This study aimed to describe efficacy and safety of android artificial pancreas (AAPS) in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from mainland China.

Methods: This real-world study recruited people who initiated AAPS for ≥ 3 months between 2019 and 2024.

Correlation between triglyceride-glucose index and diabetic kidney disease risk in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is identified as an alternative indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and is associated with macro- and micro-vascular diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between the TyG index and IR and its impact on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).

Methods: This study comprised a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Guangdong T1DM Translational Medicine Study (GTT) and a longitudinal analysis using data from the type 1 diabetes (T1D) Exchange registry study.

Metabolic landscape of human alveolar type II epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced directly by silica exposure.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis. However, molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed. Herein, metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549 cells) exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.

Basal Hyperglycemia Contributes More Than 50% to Time in Range in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives: To evaluate the relative contribution of basal hyperglycemia (BHG) and postprandial hyperglycemia (PHG) to the time in range (TIR) categories and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Materials And Methods: This observational study included 112 pregnancies with T1DM from the CARNATION study who wore continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices during pregnancy. The data from CGM were analyzed for TIR (range, 3.

Comparison of changes in adipokine and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide, insulin, or pioglitazone: A post-hoc study of the CONFIDENCE trial.

Background: Adipokines and inflammatory cytokines (ADICs) play important roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to compare the changes of ADIC levels (ΔADICs) in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM treated with different antihyperglycemic agents, and further investigate the impact of these changes on metabolic indices, β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: Four hundred and sixteen patients with newly diagnosed T2DM from 25 centers in China randomly received 48-week intervention with exenatide, insulin or pioglitazone.

Effect of artificial pancreas system use on glycaemic control among pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of artificial pancreas systems (APS) use among pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by conducting a meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched five databases, including EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS, for literature on APS use among pregnant women with T1DM before October 9, 2023. The primary endpoint was 24-hour time in range (TIR; 3.

Efficacy and safety of Android artificial pancreas system use at home among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in China: protocol of a 26-week, free-living, randomised, open-label, two-arm, two-phase, crossover trial.

Introduction: Do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system (DIY APS) is built using commercially available insulin pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and an open-source algorithm. Compared with commercial products, DIY systems are affordable, allow personalised settings and provide updated algorithms, making them a more promising therapy for most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Many small and self-reported observational studies have found that their real-world use was associated with potential metabolic and psychological benefits.

A pregnancy-specific Glucose management indicator derived from continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Glucose management indicator (GMI) is a core metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and is widely used to evaluate glucose control in patients with diabetes. No study has explored the pregnancy-specific GMI. This study aimed to derive a best-fitting model to calculate GMI from mean blood glucose (MBG) obtained from CGM among pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Selective venous sampling in primary hyperparathyroidism caused by ectopic parathyroid gland: a case report and literature review.

Background: As an invasive technique, selective venous sampling (SVS) is considered a useful method to identify a lesion's location to increase the success rate of secondary surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) caused by ectopic parathyroid adenomas.

Case Presentation: We present a case of post-surgical persistent hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in a 44-year-old woman with previously undetected parathyroid adenoma. An SVS was then performed for further localization of the adenoma, as other non-invasive methods showed negative results.

Relations Between Body Fat Mass and Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Normal Glucose Tolerance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body fat mass and insulin resistance in non-obese patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and normal glucose tolerance. A total of 42 patients with IHH and normal glucose tolerance, and BMI lower than 28 kg/m were recruited. Patients were required to have a normal glucose tolerance test for inclusion in the study.

Beta-2-Microglobulin is an Independent Risk Factor for Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism.

Aim: To identify the association between serum beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) or cystatin C (CysC) and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 265 subjects were enrolled, including 83 patients with PA, 91 with essential hypertension (EH), and 91 normotensive (NT) controls. B2M, CysC, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured, and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) was calculated.

Effects of Metformin Added to Insulin in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploratory Crossover Randomized Trial.

Background: To comprehensively assess the effects of metformin added to insulin on metabolic control, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular autonomic function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This was an exploratory, crossover, randomized trial conducted in adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 12-18 years old. Participants were randomly received metformin (≤1000 mg/d) added to insulin for 24 weeks followed by insulin monotherapy for a subsequent 24 weeks or vice versa.

Mid-upper arm circumference as a simple tool for identifying central obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Our research aimed to explore the correlation between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and central obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Materials: A total of 103 participants (60 men) were recruited in our study. MUAC was measured around the mid-arm between the shoulder and elbow.

Up-regulation of microRNA-203 inhibits myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via PIK3CA.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to the myocardial dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Recently, the role of microRNAs (miRs) in gene expression regulation has attracted much more attention. Studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the growth, metabolism and apoptosis of myocardial cells.

Insulin requirement profiles and related factors of insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is an effective therapy to control hyperglycemia in both patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. However, there is little data investigating the insulin dose setting during CSII therapy in type 2 diabetes to achieve optimal glycemic control and avoid the risk of hypoglycemia. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the dose characteristics of insulin requirement and explore the related clinical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with CSII.

Cystatin C Is an Important Biomarker for Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is closely related to increased mortality in patients with diabetes. Previous studies have proved that cystatin C (CysC) is an important predictor of both peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular events. However, whether CysC is also associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction remains unclear.

Effect of baseline body mass index on glycemic control and weight change with exenatide monotherapy in Chinese drug-naïve type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: The weight-reducing effect of exenatide has been proved, but too much weight loss in normal-weight patients may concern physicians. This study evaluated the effects of exenatide monotherapy on glycemic control and weight change in normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In this multicenter prospective study, 29 normal-weight, 54 overweight, and 27 obese newly diagnosed and drug-naïve patients with T2D were treated with exenatide for 48 weeks.