Tooth loss, cognitive impairment and chronic cerebral ischemia.

Background/purpose: Vascular factor is an important risk factor in the process of cognitive impairment or dementia. Tooth loss could cause impairments of spatial learning and memory in mice, and nitric oxide (NO) and its synthase might be involved in the process. The objectives of this study were to investigate and compare the behavioral impairments between the Wistar rats with tooth loss and those with chronic ischemia and to determine the changes in nitric oxide (NO) and its synthases under those two conditions.

Perioperative risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after major oral cancer surgery: A retrospective analysis of 331 cases.

Objective: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is common and results in prolonged hospital stays, higher costs, increased morbidity and mortality. However, data on the incidence and risk factors of POP after oral and maxillofacial surgery are rare. This study aims to identify perioperative risk factors for POP after major oral cancer (OC) surgery.

Semiconductor laser irradiation improves root canal sealing during routine root canal therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of semiconductor laser irradiation on root canal sealing after routine root canal therapy (RCT).

Methods: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). The anatomic crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and the remaining roots were prepared endodontically with conventional RCT methods.

IL-21/anti-Tim1/CD40 ligand promotes B10 activity in vitro and alleviates bone loss in experimental periodontitis in vivo.

IL-10-expressing regulatory B cells (B10) play an essential role in immune system balance by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated induction of B 10 cell's IL-10 competency in vitro and its effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in vivo. Spleen B cells were isolated from C57BL/6J mice and cultured for 48h under the following conditions: control, CD40L, IL-21, anti-Tim1, CD40L+IL-21, CD40L+anti-Tim1, CD40L+IL-21+anti-Tim1.

Interplay between ΔNp63 and miR-138-5p regulates growth, metastasis and stemness of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

TP63 acts as a master regulator in epithelia development and in the progression of various cancers, but its role in oral cancer pathogenesis remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of TP63 in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study shows that ΔNp63, the predominant isoform of TP63, is significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts, and its expression is closely correlated with pathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in patients with OSCC.

Comparative in vitro study of cementing techniques for implant-supported restorations.

Statement Of Problem: Various techniques are used to cement implant-supported restorations. Excess residual cement is a concern.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate 3 techniques for cementing implant-supported restorations.

Behavioral impairments and changes of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brains of molarless KM mice.

More studies showed that as a common disorder in senior population, loss of teeth could adversely affect human cognitive function, and nitric oxide (NO) might play an important role in the cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been well-established. The objectives of this study are to evaluate behavior changes of KM mice after loss of molars, and levels of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain in molarless condition.

Effects of pigments on dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial prosthetic elastomer.

Statement Of Problem: Pigmentation and coloration play a key role in fabricating a maxillofacial prosthesis. The addition of pigments and dyes to the maxillofacial material may alter the dynamic mechanical behaviors of the prosthesis, possibly influencing the success of the prosthesis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the type and concentration of intrinsic pigments on the dynamic mechanical properties of a commercially available maxillofacial silicone elastomer over a small range of low frequencies.

Translucency estimation for thick pigmented maxillofacial elastomer.

Objectives: Human skin is multilayered and inhomogeneous and has a partially translucent structure. Since it is not straightforward to quantify the translucency for human skin as it is for translucent materials at a certain thickness, a laser light-diffusing method was developed to quantitatively approximate translucency of translucent pigmented maxillofacial materials, using a technique that would be applicable to human skin. A developed method of laser light diffusing area (LLDA) and the method of color difference due to edge loss (CDEL) were compared in accuracy of translucency estimations of thick pigmented maxillofacial elastomeric material.

Concentration additivity of coefficients for maxillofacial elastomer pigmented to skin colors.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine a regression model which performs accurately for predicting Kubelka-Munk (K-M) absorption (K) and scattering (S) coefficients of pigment mixtures in maxillofacial elastomer (MFE).

Methods: Specimens at varying thicknesses of 19 shades of skin-colored MFE were made incorporating tan, red, yellow and black pigments. Using a non-contact 45 degrees/0 degrees spectral reflectance system, reflectance values were obtained and fit by non-linear regression to corrected K-M theory to determine observed K and S values.

Interfacial corrections of maxillofacial elastomers for Kubelka-Munk theory using non-contact measurements.

Objective: Reflectance measurements using a 45 degrees/0 degrees non-contact measuring system provide accurate data for translucent materials, yet the interfacial reflection corrections (IRCs) for Kubelka-Munk theory have not been evaluated using this system. The objective is to determine which IRC method for Kubelka-Munk theory (K-MT) models the spectral reflectance of pigmented maxillofacial elastomer (MFE) with least error.

Method: Samples at varying thicknesses of each of 19 shades of skin-colored maxillofacial elastomer were measured using this system on each of three backings.