A NIR dual-channel fluorescent probe for the detection of cyanide in living cells.

This study details the design and synthesis of a near-infrared (NIR) dual-channel cyanide detection fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine-hemicyanine. TPA-CY successfully utilizes the NIR fluorescence properties of triphenylamine-hemicyanine conjugates, showcasing good selectivity and sensitivity, facilitating the visual monitoring of cyanide anions in living cells. Interaction between TPA-CY and CN occurs rapidly, within a mere 25 s.

Traveling waves for an epidemic patchy model with bilinear incidence.

In this paper, we study epidemic models in a periodic patchy environment with bilinear incidence but without vital dynamics. We first show that there exists a minimal wave speed such that the system admits bounded traveling wave solutions if and , where is the basic reproduction number. Then we prove the non-existence of traveling wave solutions for the case where , or and .

Target reproduction numbers for time-delayed population systems.

In the field of population dynamics, target reproduction number is a crucial metric that dictates the necessary control efforts for achieving specific prevention, intervention, or control goals. Recently, the concept of the target reproduction number has undergone significant extensions. Lewis et al.

Global dynamics of a time-delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion model of within-host viral infections.

In this paper, we study a time-delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion model of within-host viral infections. We introduce the basic reproduction number and show that the infection-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable when , while the disease is uniformly persistent when . In the case where all coefficients and reaction terms are spatially homogeneous, we obtain an explicit formula of and the global attractivity of the positive constant steady state.

Sanguinarine modulates microglial function via PPARγ activation and protects against CNS demyelination.

Microglia aggregate in regions of active inflammation and demyelination in the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and are considered pivotal in the disease process. Targeting microglia is a promising therapeutic approach for myelin repair. Previously, we identified two candidates for microglial modulation and remyelination using a Connectivity Map (CMAP)-based screening strategy.

Threshold dynamics of an almost periodic vector-borne disease model.

Many infectious diseases cannot be transmitted from human to human directly, and the transmission needs to be done via a vector. It is well known that vectors' life cycles are highly dependent on their living environment. In order to investigate dynamics of vector-borne diseases under environment influence, we propose a vector-borne disease model with almost periodic coefficients.

A reaction-advection-diffusion model of cholera epidemics with seasonality and human behavior change.

Cholera is a water- and food-borne infectious disease caused by V. cholerae. To investigate multiple effects of human behavior change, seasonality and spatial heterogeneity on cholera spread, we propose a reaction-advection-diffusion model that incorporates human hosts and aquatic reservoir of V.

Global Dynamics of a Reaction-Diffusion Model of Zika Virus Transmission with Seasonality.

In this paper, we propose a periodic reaction-diffusion model of Zika virus with seasonal and spatial heterogeneous structure in host and vector population. We introduce the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] for this model and show that the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text], while the system admits a globally asymptotically stable positive periodic solution if [Formula: see text]. Numerically, we study the Zika transmission in Rio de Janeiro Municipality, Brazil, and investigate the effects of some model parameters on [Formula: see text].

Target reproduction numbers for reaction-diffusion population models.

A very important population threshold quantity is the target reproduction number, which is a measure of control effort required for a target prevention, intervention or control. This concept, as a generalization of type reproduction number, was first introduced in Shuai et al. (J Math Biol 67:1067-1082, 2013) for nonnegative matrices with immediate applications to compartmental population models of ordinary differential equations.

Basic reproduction ratios for periodic and time-delayed compartmental models with impulses.

Much work has focused on the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] for a variety of compartmental population models, but the theory of [Formula: see text] remains unsolved for periodic and time-delayed impulsive models. In this paper, we develop the theory of [Formula: see text] for a class of such impulsive models. We first introduce [Formula: see text] and show that it is a threshold parameter for the stability of the zero solution of an associated linear system.

Mathematical modeling and analysis of harmful algal blooms in flowing habitats.

In this paper, we survey recent developments of mathematical modeling and analysis of the dynamics of harmful algae in riverine reservoirs. To make the models more realistic, a hydraulic storage zone is incorporated into a flow reactor model and new mathematical challenges arise from the loss of compactness of the solution maps. The key point in the study of the evolution dynamics is to prove the existence of global attractors for the model systems and the principal eigenvalues for the associated linearized systems without compactness.

Regional climate affects salmon lice dynamics, stage structure and management.

Regional variation in climate can generate differences in population dynamics and stage structure. Where regional differences exist, the best approach to pest management may be region-specific. Salmon lice are a stage-structured marine copepod that parasitizes salmonids at aquaculture sites worldwide, and have fecundity, development and mortality rates that depend on temperature and salinity.

A periodic SEIRS epidemic model with a time-dependent latent period.

Many infectious diseases have seasonal trends and exhibit variable periods of peak seasonality. Understanding the population dynamics due to seasonal changes becomes very important for predicting and controlling disease transmission risks. In order to investigate the impact of time-dependent delays on disease control, we propose an SEIRS epidemic model with a periodic latent period.

Synthesis and Evolution of Berberine Derivatives as a New Class of Antiviral Agents against Enterovirus 71 through the MEK/ERK Pathway and Autophagy.

Taking berberine (BBR) as the lead, 23 new BBR derivatives were synthesized and examined for their antiviral activities against four different genotype enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains with a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that introduction of a suitable substituent at the 9-position might be beneficial for potency. Among them, compound exhibited most potent activities with IC values of 7.

A reaction-diffusion malaria model with seasonality and incubation period.

In this paper, we propose a time-periodic reaction-diffusion model which incorporates seasonality, spatial heterogeneity and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of the parasite. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is derived, and it is shown that the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive if [Formula: see text], while there is an endemic periodic solution and the disease is uniformly persistent if [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations indicate that prolonging the EIP may be helpful in the disease control, while spatial heterogeneity of the disease transmission coefficient may increase the disease burden.

A climate-based malaria model with the use of bed nets.

Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are among the most important and effective intervention measures against malaria. In order to investigate the impact of bed net use on disease control, we formulate a periodic vector-bias malaria model incorporating the juvenile stage of mosquitoes and the use of ITNs. We derive the vector reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] and the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text].

A Malaria Transmission Model with Temperature-Dependent Incubation Period.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and is transmitted among humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Climate factors have significant impact on both mosquito life cycle and parasite development. To consider the temperature sensitivity of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of malaria parasites, we formulate a delay differential equations model with a periodic time delay.

In Silico Prediction of Chemical Toxicity Profile Using Local Lazy Learning.

Background: Chemical toxicity is an important reason for late-stage failure in drug R&D. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to identify the multiple toxicities of compounds using the traditional experiments. Thus, it is attractive to build an accurate prediction model for the toxicity profile of compounds.

[Clinical Curative Efficacy of Lenalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia and Its Impact on VEGF].

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of regimen consisting of lenalidomide combined with chemotherapy for acute leukemia and its impact on vascular endothilial growth factor (vEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and to analyze the relationship lenalidomide with therapeutic efficacy of leukemia.

Methods: The patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (except M3) from October 2013 to October 2014 in our hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups: chemotherapy+placebo (CP) group and lenalidomide+chemotherapy (LC) group. In addition, healthy persons were used as healthy controls (HC).

DPYD gene polymorphisms are associated with risk and chemotherapy prognosis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We aimed to investigate the association between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene polymorphisms and the risk of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its prognosis after chemotherapy. A total of 147 pediatric ALL patients diagnosed by our hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 were included in the case group, and 102 healthy people who received a physical examination during the same time frame in our hospital were included in the control group. DNA sequencing was applied for site determination and genotyping of the DPYD 85T > C, 2194G > A, 1156G > T, and IVS14 + 1G > A polymorphisms.

A nonlocal and periodic reaction-diffusion-advection model of a single phytoplankton species.

In this article, we are concerned with a nonlocal reaction-diffusion-advection model which describes the evolution of a single phytoplankton species in a eutrophic vertical water column where the species relies solely on light for its metabolism. The new feature of our modeling equation lies in that the incident light intensity and the death rate are assumed to be time periodic with a common period. We first establish a threshold type result on the global dynamics of this model in terms of the basic reproduction number R0.

Over-expression of a tobacco nitrate reductase gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) increases seed protein content and weight without augmenting nitrogen supplying.

Heavy nitrogen (N) application to gain higher yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. How to diminish the N supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge.

A within-host virus model with periodic multidrug therapy.

This paper is devoted to the investigation of the effects of periodic drug treatment on a standard within-host virus model. We first introduce the basic reproduction ratio for the model, and then show that the infection free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and the disease eventually disappears if R0<1, while there exists at least one positive periodic state and the disease persists when R0>1. We also consider an optimization problem by shifting the phase of these drug efficacy functions.