No Evidence of Metabolomic Disruptions From Real-World Intakes of Aspartame or Saccharin: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Background: Artificial sweeteners have become ubiquitous additives in the food supply, and yet the safety of their regular consumption remains controversial. The present study examined whether intakes of aspartame or saccharin are related to aberrations in the plasma metabolome indicating disruptions in metabolism.

Methods: A cohort of 2160 male and female participants, mean age 32.

A Metabolite Score of Unintentional Weight Loss Explained a Substantial Proportion of Associated Mortality and Mobility Limitation Risk in a Biracial Older Cohort.

Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is related to mortality and mobility limitation. Here, we aimed to develop a metabolite-based score for UWL and evaluate its prediction performance and explanation value for UWL-related health outcomes. Participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study with available metabolomics and valid follow-ups were included (N = 2286).

American Society of Nuclear Cardiology quality metrics for cardiac amyloid radionuclide imaging.

This document from the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology develops metrics for the assessment of quality for laboratories that perform cardiac amyloid radionuclide imaging. These metrics are based on clinical guidelines, appropriate use criteria, information and position statements, and expert opinion. The document introduces 15 quality metrics that address current gaps in care organized around 4 axes: A) Appropriate indications; B) Patient experience and workflow; C) Instrumentation and protocols; and D) Interpretation and reporting.

Proteomic Signatures as Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis Burden.

Atherosclerosis progresses silently over decades before manifesting clinically as myocardial infarction or stroke. Currently, no circulating biomarker reliably quantifies the burden of atherosclerosis beyond imaging techniques. Here, we sought to define plasma proteomic signatures that reflect the systemic burden of atherosclerosis.

Diagnostic performance of F-flurpiridaz PET myocardial perfusion imaging with total perfusion deficit quantification.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of F-flupiridaz positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for coronary artery disease detection using total perfusion deficit (TPD), an automated metric of combined disease extent and severity.

Methods: Flurpiridaz relative perfusion images and quantitative coronary angiography data from the initial phase III trial were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis at separate endpoints of ≥70% stenosis and ≥50% stenosis, to determine the diagnostic performance of TPD at per-patient (global LV) and per-vessel levels. TPD results at both endpoints were compared with the performance of visual scores and defect extent values available from two previous publications.

Metabolic Markers Demonstrate the Heterogeneity of Walking Ability in Non-Disabled Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

: Walking ability is important for the quality of life of older adults. A self-reported walking ability index (WAI) covering the difficulty and ease of walking captures a broader spectrum of walking ability in healthy older persons. : Using metabolomics in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, we identified Year 2 metabolites cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to WAI (0-9, higher scores indicate better walking ability) using probabilistic index models and multinomial logistic models, respectively.

Simultaneous T, T, and T mapping of the myocardium using cardiac MR fingerprinting with a deep image prior reconstruction.

Purpose: To develop a cardiac MR fingerprinting (cMRF) approach using deep image prior reconstruction (DIP) to simultaneously map T, T, and T, and assess T in healthy subjects and patients with areas of enhancement on late gadolinium enhancement.

Methods: A 2D electrocardiogram-triggered cMRF sequence was developed to measure T, T, and T simultaneously. DIP reconstruction was evaluated for noise and artifact reduction compared to a low-rank reconstruction.

Human Physiologic Responses to Insulin in Indigenous Americans Identify a Metabolic Susceptibility Profile Linked to Diabetes.

Objective: To identify metabolic signatures of insulin action/secretion in Indigenous Americans (IAs) and their association with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We defined circulating metabolomic signatures of insulin action/secretion in 446 IAs, including glucose disposal rate during low-dose insulin clamp (Mlow) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) during insulin infusion (suppression of hepatic glucose production). We then determined associations of these metabolic scores with glucose tolerance (in a separate set of ∼700 IAs) and diabetes/metabolic risk in ∼2,000 individuals (from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA] study).

Human Plasma Proteomics Links Modifiable Lifestyle Exposome to Disease Risk.

Environmental exposures influence disease risk, yet their underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We present the Human Exposomic Architecture of the Proteome (HEAP), a framework and resource integrating genetic, exposomic, and proteomic data to uncover how lifestyle influences disease through plasma proteins. Applying HEAP to 2,686 proteins in 53,014 UK Biobank participants, we identified over 11,000 exposure-protein associations across 135 lifestyle exposures.

Can ChatGPT answer patients' questions about nuclear stress tests and F-Flurodeoxyglucose PET for myocardial inflammation?

Background: Several modalities are used for stress testing and require specific patient preparation. F-Flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is an important tool in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients suspected of cardiac sarcoidosis and endocarditis [1-3]. There is a need for improved patient access to questions regarding cardiac testing to ensure proper adherence to instructions.

Metabolomic Pathways of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Are Related to Worsening Healthy Aging Index and Mortality.

Background: Metabolic-inflammatory states are central to multiorgan mechanisms of aging, but precise functional biomarkers of physiological aging remain less clear.

Methods: In the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study, we defined metabolomic profiles of the Healthy Aging Index (HAI), a composite of cardiovascular, lung, cognitive, metabolic, and renal function (0-10, with higher scores indicating poorer health) in a split set design from 2015 older participants (mean age 73.6 years; 50% women; 35% Black).

Metabolomic insight into the link of intermuscular fat with cognitive performance: the Health ABC Study.

There is growing evidence that higher intermuscular fat (IMF) is associated with worse processing speed, measured by the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) in older adults. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. Considering that both muscle and the brain are metabolically active organs, we sought to identify metabolites that may explain the IMF-DSST association.

Comprehensive coronary CT angiography in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) were previously shown to have a higher prevalence of non-calcified coronary plaque with discrepant results for coronary stenosis and any plaque prevalence. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarise and estimate pooled effect sizes for observational studies among PLWH using comprehensive coronary CT angiography (CTA).

Design: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis reporting guidelines were used.

Circulating metabolomic biomarkers of 5-year body weight and composition change in a biracial cohort of community-dwelling older adults.

Unintentional weight loss in older populations is linked to greater mortality and morbidity risks. This study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss and their relationship with body composition changes in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations with weight and body composition changes over 5 years in 1335 participants (mean age 73.

The potential of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) to analyse medical notes in three different languages: a retrospective model-evaluation study.

Background: Patient notes contain substantial information but are difficult for computers to analyse due to their unstructured format. Large-language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), have changed our ability to process text, but we do not know how effectively they handle medical notes. We aimed to assess the ability of GPT-4 to answer predefined questions after reading medical notes in three different languages.

Metabolomic characterization of unintentional weight loss among community-dwelling older Black and White men and women.

This study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations of subsequent weight change over 2 years in 1536 previously weight stable participants (mean age 74.6 years, 50% women, 35% Black) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

The complete blood count and cardiovascular disease: analyses across six cohorts of 23,370 adults.

Background: The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most performed laboratory studies. However, the CBC and its components are not commonly used to understand and quantify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Objective: We sought to define the relationships between the CBC, traditional CVD risk factors, and common CVD biomarkers and their joint association with all-cause mortality and CVD.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict myocardial blood flow and clinical outcomes from patients' electrocardiograms.

We develop a machine learning (ML) model using electrocardiography (ECG) to predict myocardial blood flow reserve (MFR) and assess its prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Using 3,639 ECG-positron emission tomography (PET) and 17,649 ECG-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data pairs, the ML model is trained with a swarm intelligence approach and support vector regression (SVR). The model achieves a receiver-operator curve (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.

Choline Metabolites and 15-Year Risk of Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort of Adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: The potential for choline metabolism to influence the development of diabetes has received increased attention. Previous studies on circulating choline metabolites and incident diabetes have been conducted in samples of older adults, often with a high prevalence of risk factors.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were from year 15 of follow-up (2000-2001) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 3,133, aged 33-45 years) with plasma choline metabolite (choline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide [TMAO]) data.