Circulating MicroRNAs as diagnostic indicators in tuberculous Meningitis-A case -control study in North Indian population.

Purpose: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a severe and often fatal form of tuberculosis, showing high mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs play a crucial role in TBM pathogenesis and may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression.

Methods: Eight TBM patients and three healthy controls were recruited.

Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin or Plasmapheresis in Myasthenic Crisis and Worsening Myasthenia Gravis Compared With or Without Rescue Treatment.

Purpose: There is a paucity of studies on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)/plasmapheresis (PLEX) compared with no rescue treatment (NRT) in myasthenic crisis (MC) and worsening myasthenia gravis (WMG). We report the efficacy of RTs (IVIg and PLEX) compared with NRT in MC/WMG.

Methods: Patients with MC and those having worsening in the MG Foundation of America classification by ≥2 grades were included.

Clinical Spectrum of Non-motor Symptoms in Correlation with Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism: Evidence in Reaching Consensus.

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are frequently overlooked, yet they significantly contribute to the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism (AP), which include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Moreover, discrepancies exist in non-motor symptom scale (NMSS) scores for AP and PD, and no consensus has yet been reached.

Purpose: We evaluated and compared the NMS and their association with life quality in patients with AP and PD.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Side-Lying Test for Posterior Canal BPPV: Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis.

Background Objective: The side-lying (SL) test is a diagnostic maneuver used to identify posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV). It is often used as an alternative to the Dix-Hallpike (DH) test, particularly for patients who have mobility limitations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the SL test in diagnosing PC-BPPV compared with the DH test.

Trends in Cervical Spine Surgery in the United States: A National Database Analysis.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior cervical instrumented fusion (PCF), laminectomy/foraminotomy/facetectomy (LFF), and cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) are commonly performed cervical spine procedures. This study aims to identify the trends in cervical spine surgery on the utilization of ACDF, PCF, LFF, and CDA in the United States over the past decade. A secondary aim of this study is to describe the average reimbursements received for these interventions.

Urinary based biomarkers identification and genetic profiling in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of metabolomic studies.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease associated with dopamine deficiency and both motor and nonmotor deficits. Therapeutic pathways remain challenging in Parkinson's disease due to the low accuracy of early diagnosis, the difficulty in monitoring disease progression, and the limited availability of treatment options.

Objectives: Few data are present to identify urinary biomarkers for various ailments, potentially aiding in the diagnosis and tracking of illness progression in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

An interesting case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting with Balint's syndrome and dysautonomia.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by persistent aberrant measles virus infection. It is characterized by behavioral changes, cognitive decline with deterioration in academic performance, visual dysfunction, focal or generalized seizures ,myoclonus, spasticity, mutism and akinesia ultimately leading to a vegetative state. Balint's syndrome, characterized by the triad of simultagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia, as an initial presenting feature of SSPE is rare.

Co-occurrence of Parkinson's disease and Retinitis Pigmentosa: A genetic and in silico analysis.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily driven by the protein Alpha Synuclein (A-Syn) accumulation. Synphilin-1 protein, encoded by the SNCAIP gene, which co-localizes with A-Syn is a known risk factor for PD. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is a cluster of retinal degenerative disorders, and Cyclic Nucleotide Gated channel subunit Alpha 1 (CNGA1) is one of the initial genes associated with RP.

White matter correlates of gait and balance dysfunction in essential tremor patients.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a syndrome characterized by both motor (tremor, gait, and balance dysfunction) and non-motor features like cognitive deficits, depression, sleep, mood, and anxiety disorders. The present study was conducted to characterize the clinical dysfunction and brain localization of gait and balance disturbances in ET patients.

Methods: 174 ET patients and 150 matched healthy controls were evaluated.

Intracranial Cavernous Malformation with Concomitant Isolated Cerebral Mucormycosis Infection: A Case Report.

Cerebral cavernous malformation is an angiographically occult, well-circumscribed, benign hamartoma consisting of thin-walled sinusoidal vascular channels. Intracranial mucormycosis represents one of the most severe manifestations of mucor infection. We, hereby, report a case of cavernous malformation made rarer with concomitant mucormycosis.

Persistent facial pain in post-stroke patients, a hospital-based cohort study; experience from North India.

Background: Post-stroke pain is common after a stroke and might be underreported. We describe Persistent Facial Pain (PFP) developed in post-stroke patients.

Method: ology: This was a prospective hospital-based cohort study of stroke patients, and patients were followed up.

Clinico-radiological factors associated with aphasia outcome in post stroke patients: A prospective follow up study from eastern part of India.

Background: Aphasia is a language disorder acquired secondary to brain damage. This study aims to evaluate clinical and radiological profile of patients with post stroke aphasia and factors affecting its recovery.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with first left Middle or Anterior Cerebral Artery infarct or Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) with aphasia admitted within 14 days of stroke onset.

Novel extraction technique: quantification of major phytoconstituents of arjuna in infused edible oil.

A rapid, precise, accurate, and cost-effective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer method was developed by using a novel extraction technique for the simultaneous quantification of major oleane derivatives: arjunetin, arjungenin, arjunolic acid, and arjunic acid of in infused edible oil. An innovative idea was implemented to extract the active phytoconstituents from the oil matrix based on the freezing point of oils and extraction solvent. The developed method was validated for all four active compounds in the linear working range of 0.

Evaluating the Effect of Pregabalin in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pregabalin for the control of symptoms in mild to moderate idiopathic Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 146 mild to moderate idiopathic CTS patients were randomized into pregabalin (n=74) and placebo groups (n=72). Per protocol, analysis was conducted with 131 patients; pregabalin (n=65) and placebo (n=66).

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Environmental Toxic Metal Contaminants and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality (WHO 2014) and long-lasting disability worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with stroke, such as age, gender, chronic illnesses, cardiovascular disease, lifestyle, and smoking. With global industrialization, the roles of environmental contaminants and their association with stroke are still unclear and have attracted much more attention.

Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: A Hospital-Based Study.

Background: A principal caregiver (CG) is directly affected by the patient's health problems leading to CG strain. In the present study, we evaluated the different factors related to increased CG burden in stroke survivors and assessed the relationship between patient's personal and clinical characteristics and CG's stress.

Material And Methods: In this prospective, follow-up study, a total of 141 principle CGs of 164 First-ever stroke (FES) survivors were subjected to the Caregivers Strain Index (CSI) and Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS) at 30 days (n = 141), 90 days (n = 129), and 6 months (n = 119) after informed consent.

Metformin and Dapagliflozin Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats: An Electrocardiographic, Biochemical, and Histopathological Approach.

Doxorubicin is a widely used anticancer drug whose efficacy is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. There is no ideal cardioprotection available against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the anticipated cardioprotective potential of metformin and dapagliflozin against doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Oncocytic Salivary Gland Tumours: Cytological Features and Diagnostic Pitfalls.

Oncocytes are epithelial cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The presence of oncocytes in salivary glands pose a diagnostic challenge since they can be present in lesions ranging from non-neoplastic, benign to malignant. FNAC is a simple procedure which can aid in the pre-operative diagnosis of these lesions.

Use of Ceftriaxone as a Predictor of Good Outcome in Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background: Whether ceftriaxone (CEFT) has any added advantage other than its antibiotics effect in stroke as a neuroprotective agent is not known, and this forms the base of this study.

Purpose: We tried to assess the predictive role of the use of CEFT with respect to outcome in stroke patients.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from a stroke registry over consecutive stroke patients admitted at a tertiary teaching institute from January 2017 to December 2018.