Prevalence and concordance of cardiometabolic risk markers and health behaviour among couples after a gestational diabetes mellitus-affected pregnancy.

Aims: This study investigated the prevalence and concordance of cardiometabolic risk markers among couples after a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-affected pregnancy. It also examined whether selected demographic, socioeconomic and health behavioural factors could explain within-couple associations.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies versus singleton pregnancies-A retrospective case-control study.

Aims: To compare markers of glycaemic regulation in twin and singleton pregnancies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. 53 twin and 212 matched singleton pregnant women with gestational diabetes were included.

Health literacy, perceived stress, and dietary quality among Danish women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: Adhering to dietary recommendations after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can mitigate the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes. Psychosocial aspects, such as health literacy and perceived stress, may affect adherence to these recommendations; yet this remains underexplored in women with recent GDM. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy and dietary quality 10-14 weeks postpartum and to assess the influence of perceived stress.

Premeal Whey Protein Lowers Postprandial Blood Glucose in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial.

Objective: To examine how whey protein served as a premeal affects postprandial glucose excursions in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: A placebo-controlled, single-blinded, crossover, randomized trial including women with and without GDM (20-36 weeks' gestation) was performed. Participants were studied in the laboratory and at home.

Shortcut to the needle in the haystack? Screening for maturity onset diabetes of the young in a population of women with gestational diabetes.

Aims: Pregnant women are occasionally misdiagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) when they may have glucokinase monogenic diabetes (GCK-MODY). Differentiating between GCK-MODY and GDM is critical due to the distinct treatment strategies required during and after pregnancy. Since pregnancy often elicits the first glucose tolerance test, it provides a unique opportunity to identify individuals with GCK-MODY.

Breastfeeding and infant growth in relation to childhood overweight - a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Rapid infant growth is positively, and breastfeeding inversely, associated with childhood overweight. However, the interplay has only been sparsely investigated.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate how exclusive breastfeeding duration modifies the effect of infant growth on childhood overweight.

Effectiveness of a Family-based Health Promotion Intervention for Women With Prior GDM: The Face-It RCT.

Context: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but effective and feasible interventions to reduce this risk are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based health promotion intervention on T2DM risk factors and quality of life among women with recent GDM.

Design: Multicenter, parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial with 2:1 allocation ratio.

Prepregnancy and Gestational Interventions to Prevent Childhood Obesity.

Childhood obesity is a significant global health issue with complex and multifactorial origins, often beginning before conception and influenced by both maternal and paternal health. The increased prevalence of prepregnancy obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus in women of reproductive age contributes to a heightened risk of metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Current clinical practices often implement lifestyle interventions after the first trimester and have limited success, implying that they miss a critical window for effective metabolic adjustments.

Maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity and offspring metabolic health.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects offspring glucose homeostasis and risk of developing obesity. Here, we examined the association between glycemia in pregnant women with overweight or obesity without GDM and offspring metabolic health. Maternal fasting glucose concentrations and glucose 2-h after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in 208 women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 28-45 kg/m without GDM.

Diabetes in pregnancy and offspring cardiac function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with impaired offspring cardiac function. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effect of diabetes in pregnancy on cardiac function in the offspring measured by echocardiography.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science databases were searched from 1992 to June 27, 2023.

The effect of twin pregnancy in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A case control study.

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is one of the most common hepatic disorders during pregnancy, and the etiology is thought to be multifactorial including both environmental and hormonal contributions. In twin pregnancies, the fetal and placental mass is generally greater than in singleton pregnancies, and is, theoretically, likely to have a greater influence upon the maternal hepatic metabolism compared to singleton pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare ICP in twin and singleton pregnancies according to ICP characteristics, time of diagnosis, serum bile acid levels, pharmacological treatment, and pregnancy outcomes.

Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Fetal Growth Rate and Later Overweight in the Offspring.

Context: Children of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are often born with a higher birthweight and have an increased risk of overweight during childhood. High fetal growth rate is also associated with being overweight in childhood.

Objective: To examine excessive fetal growth rate as a mediator between GDM and overweight in the offspring.

Hemoglobin A1c Trajectories During Pregnancy and Adverse Outcomes in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish National Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To identify and characterize groups of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes with distinct hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories across gestation and to examine the association with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a retrospective Danish national cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in women with type 2 diabetes, giving birth to a liveborn infant, between 2004 and 2019. HbA1c trajectories were identified using latent class linear mixed-model analysis.

Danish Diabetes Birth Registry 2: a study protocol of a national prospective cohort study to monitor outcomes of pregnancies of women with pre-existing diabetes.

Introduction: Despite technological developments and intensified care, pregnancies in women with pre-existing diabetes are still considered high-risk pregnancies. The rate of adverse outcomes in pregnancies affected by diabetes in Denmark is currently unknown, and there is a limited understanding of mechanisms contributing to this elevated risk. To address these gaps, the Danish Diabetes Birth Registry 2 (DDBR2) was established.

Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum.

Context: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.

Objective: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.

Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy.

Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication.

Nutrient sensing: LEAP2 concentration in response to fasting, glucose, lactate, and β-hydroxybutyrate in healthy young males.

Background: The appetite-suppressing potential of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), and its antagonistic effects on the hunger-inducing hormone ghrelin have attracted scientific interest. It is unclear how LEAP2 is influenced by fasting and how it responds to specific nutrients.

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether LEAP2 concentration 1) decreases after fasting, 2) increases postprandially, and 3) is regulated by nutrient sensing in the splanchnic bed.

Health promotion intervention among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus: penetration, participation, and baseline findings from the Face-it randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Face-it is a randomized controlled trial for women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their families designed to evaluate the effect of a health promotion intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and quality of life. This study examined (1) the penetration and participation rates for the Face-it trial, (2) the characteristics of the participating women and the potential differences in characteristics according to partner participation status, and (3) representativity of the women at baseline.

Research Design And Methods: We identified women with GDM during pregnancy and invited them and their partners to a baseline examination 10-14 weeks after delivery.

Insulin Signaling Is Preserved in Skeletal Muscle During Early Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Background And Aims: During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), muscle tissue develops a profound insulin resistance that complicates reversal of this potentially lethal condition. We have investigated mediators of insulin action in human skeletal muscle during total insulin withdrawal in patients with type 1 diabetes, under the hypothesis that initial phases of DKA are associated with impaired postreceptor signaling.

Materials And Methods: Muscle biopsies were obtained during a randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving 9 patients with type 1 diabetes.

Whey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water-The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Serving whey protein before a meal in order to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations is known as a premeal. The underlying mechanisms are only partly understood but may involve stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and insulin secretion together with a slower gastric emptying rate.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review all randomized clinical trials investigating premeals with whey protein in comparison with a nonactive comparator (control) that evaluated plasma glucose, GLP-1, GIP, insulin, and/or gastric emptying rate.

Breastfeeding and insulin requirements in women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the first year postpartum.

Aims: To explore whether breastfeeding affects postpartum insulin requirements, HbA1c levels, and pregnancy weight retention in women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This prospective study included 66 women with T1DM. The women were divided into two groups based on whether they were breastfeeding (BF) at 6 months postpartum (BF, n = 32) or not (BF, n = 34).

Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women's Health in the 21st Century.

Hyperglycemia is the commonest medical condition affecting pregnancy and its incidence is increasing globally in parallel with the twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity. Both pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes are associated with short term pregnancy complications, with the risk of immediate complications generally broadly rising with more severe hyperglycemia. In this article we firstly consider these risks and their optimal management during pregnancy and then broaden our scope to consider the long-term implications of hyperglycemia in pregnancy as it relates to overall maternal and offspring health in a life course perspective.