Effectiveness and determinants of narrative-based corrections for health misinformation: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative-based interventions in correcting health-related misinformation and to identify key message-related, sender-related, and recipient-related factors influencing their success.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Communication Abstracts, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included quantitative intervention studies examining the impact of narrative-based corrections on health-related misinformation.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Infertility Public Stigma Scale for Japanese women: protocol for an exploratory sequential mixed method study of the Japanese population.

Introduction: Women undergoing infertility treatment are often tagged with negative labels, subjected to negative reactions and behaviors by laypeople (public stigma), and they internalize these negative values (self-stigma). As self-stigma is associated with poor mental health, a measure is needed to determine the current state of public stigma in Japan and to evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to reduce it. However, existing instruments to measure public stigma in this context are limited.

Leveraging artificial intelligence chatbots for anemia prevention: A comparative study of ChatGPT-3.5, copilot, and Gemini outputs against Google Search results.

Aim: This study evaluated the understandability, actionability, and readability of text on anemia generated by artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared texts generated by ChatGPT-3.5, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Gemini at three levels: "normal," "6th grade," and "PEMAT-P version.

Evaluating the understandability and actionability of Japanese human papillomavirus vaccination educational materials on cervical cancer.

Educational materials about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination must be easy to understand and must support recommended behaviors regardless of readers' health literacy levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the understandability, actionability, and comprehensiveness of HPV vaccination educational materials in Japan. From August to September 2023, we obtained HPV vaccination educational materials from the central government, local governments, and websites.

Experiences of Public Health Professionals Regarding Crisis Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the digital age and has been called the first "data-driven pandemic" in human history. The global response demonstrated that many countries had failed to effectively prepare for such an event. Learning through experience in a crisis is one way to improve the crisis management process.

Readability of written information for patients across 30 years: A systematic review of systematic reviews.

Objective: This study conducted a systematic review of the systematic reviews of readability assessment studies to contribute to future readability research and practice by providing a comprehensive overview of information readability for patients.

Methods: We searched multiple databases. We included systematic reviews of studies that quantitatively assessed the readability of health information.

The Impact of Avatar Appearance on the Persuasiveness of a Short Video Encouraging Physical Activity: A Randomized Observational Study.

Background Avatars have been used as tools for communication in various fields. However, the characteristics of avatars useful for health communication remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of medical avatars (MAs) on health communication.

Analysis of the growth trajectories of junior residents in Japan: a longitudinal cohort study using data from a nationwide e-portfolio system (EPOC2).

Objectives: As more emphasis is placed on the acquisition of competencies in medical education, portfolios are increasingly being used for evaluation. EPOC2 (E-POrtfolio of Clinical training) is an e-portfolio system developed in Japan and is used by about 800 clinical training hospitals. The study objective is to identify the learning trajectory of junior residents to provide insights into the provision of better postgraduate and undergraduate medical education in Japan.

Evaluating Online and Offline Health Information With the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) is a reliable and validated instrument for assessing the understandability and actionability of patient education materials. It has been applied across diverse cultural and linguistic contexts, enabling cross-field and cross-national material quality comparisons. Accumulated evidence from studies using the PEMAT over the past decade underscores its potential impact on patient and public action.

Quality Assessment of Medical Institutions' Websites Regarding Prescription Drug Misuse of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists by Off-Label Use for Weight Loss: Website Evaluation Study.

Background: Misuse of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has emerged globally as individuals increasingly use these drugs for weight loss because of unrealistic and attractive body images advertised and shared on the internet.

Objective: This study assesses the quality of information and compliance with Japan's medical advertising guidelines on the websites of medical institutions that prescribe GLP-1RAs off-label for weight loss.

Methods: Websites were identified by searching Google and Yahoo! by using keywords related to GLP-1RAs and weight loss in August 2024.

Readability of online and offline written health information: a protocol of a systematic review of systematic reviews.

Introduction: Healthcare organisations should create and disseminate readable information to citizens and patients to reduce the level of health literacy required for individuals. Several systematic reviews have reported overviews of the readability of written health information for each subject area. This systematic review of systematic reviews will synthesise evidence from existing systematic reviews to provide an overview of studies that assessed readability in diverse areas and identify gaps to be filled in future research and practice to improve the readability of health information.

Large Language Models in Dental Licensing Examinations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction And Aims: This study systematically reviews and conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of various large language models (LLMs) in dental licensing examinations worldwide. The aim is to assess the accuracy of these models in different linguistic and geographical contexts. This will inform their potential application in dental education and diagnostics.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of advanced large language models in medical Knowledge: A Comparative study using Japanese national medical examination.

Unlabelled: Study aims and objectives. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of medical knowledge in the most advanced LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3 Opus) as of 2024.

Assessing the understandability and actionability of online resources for patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Introduction: This study quantitatively evaluated the understandability and actionability of webpages for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: In June 2022, we searched on Google and Yahoo Japan using the top five keywords associated with end-stage kidney disease and HD to identify relevant materials. Subsequently, we used the Japanese version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool to assess the understandability and actionability of these materials, rating them on a scale from 0% to 100%.

The direct effects of media exposure on behaviors aimed at preventing COVID-19 and its indirect effects as mediated by interpersonal communication: a longitudinal study in Japan.

Objective: We aimed to examine the direct effects of exposure to media information about infection-preventing behavior and its indirect effects via interpersonal communication at two time points during the pandemic.

Methods: In August 2020 and August 2021, a web-based survey of Japanese people under a declared state of emergency was conducted. We collected sociodemographic data and data on seven types of exposure to media information, three types of exposure to interpersonal communication, and six types of infection-preventing behavior.

Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Over the past 2 years, researchers have used various medical licensing examinations to test whether ChatGPT (OpenAI) possesses accurate medical knowledge. The performance of each version of ChatGPT on the medical licensing examination in multiple environments showed remarkable differences. At this stage, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the variability in ChatGPT's performance on different medical licensing examinations.

Experiences of Governments and Public Health Agencies Regarding Crisis Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Digital Age: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Background: Governments and public health agencies worldwide experienced difficulties with social media-mediated infodemics on the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. Existing public health crisis communication strategies need to be updated. However, crisis communication experiences of governments and public health agencies worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been systematically compiled, necessitating updated crisis communication strategies.

Misinformation surrounding sodium reduction for blood pressure: content analysis of Japanese posts on X.

This content analysis aimed to assess misinformation themes regarding sodium reduction and blood pressure on X with the goal of providing strategies to address and debunk such misinformation. A total of 531 posts were manually coded into sodium-related misinformation themes, with inclusion criteria for posts asserting no association between sodium reduction and hypertension or claiming consuming sodium is beneficial for health. Numbers and post frequencies per misinformation theme were calculated.

Nutrients and Foods Recommended for Blood Pressure Control on Twitter in Japan: Content Analysis.

Background: Management and prevention of hypertension are important public health issues. Healthy dietary habits are one of the modifiable factors. As Twitter (subsequently rebranded X) is a digital platform that can influence public eating behavior, there is a knowledge gap regarding the information about foods and nutrients recommended for blood pressure control and who disseminates them on Twitter.

Self-perceived food literacy in relation to the quality of overall diet and main meals: A cross-sectional study in Japanese adults.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) and quality of overall diet and main meals in Japanese adults. In total, 5998 adults aged 20-79 years were included in this analysis. The SPFL was assessed using the Japanese version of the 29-item Dutch SPFL scale (score range 1-5).

Prevalence and Correlates of Dietary and Nutrition Information Seeking Through Various Web-Based and Offline Media Sources Among Japanese Adults: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The advent of the internet has changed the landscape of available nutrition information. However, little is known about people's information-seeking behavior toward healthy eating and its potential consequences.

Objective: We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of nutrition information seeking from various web-based and offline media sources.

Factors associated with adherence to recommendations for medical visits following annual health checkups among Japanese employees: A prospective cohort study.

There are growing concerns in Japanese workplaces that many employees do not follow recommendations to visit medical institutions for further examinations following annual health checkups. Although previous studies have shown that job- and health-related factors affect adherence to such recommendations, these longitudinal associations are unknown. We examined the longitudinal associations between job- and health-related factors and visiting medical institutions after annual health checkups among Japanese employees.

Encouraging COVID-19 vaccination by focusing on anticipated affect: A scoping review.

Objective: This study reviewed studies of the anticipated affect related with COVID-19 vaccination to understand gaps in currently available studies and practice implications.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and other multiple databases for English language articles of studies that investigated COVID-19 vaccination related anticipated affects.

Results: We identified seventeen studies.