Routing NSAIDs into the Golgi apparatus induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells.

The Golgi apparatus (GA), a critical sub-cellular organelle, plays a pivotal role in numerous biological signaling pathways, including the post-translational modification of proteins and their secretion to various cellular destinations. Dysregulation of GA function is implicated in the development of several diseases, including cancer. As a result, detouring clinically approved drugs into the GA for an enhanced anti-cancer effect remained a major challenge.

Clinicohematological Profile of Pancytopenia Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a common hematological problem characterized by anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia. It can be a serious and life-threatening illness.

Aim: The objective of this study is to study the clinical presentation and hematological profile in pancytopenia patients.

Small Molecule-Mediated Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, which can be treated through invasive chemotherapeutic strategies, leading to severe toxic side effects, injury, and trauma to the patients. Recently, phototherapy gained lots of attention as an alternative, non-invasive cancer therapy. However, developing novel small molecules as chemophototherapeutic agents remained a major challenge.

Relocating NSAIDs into the endoplasmic reticulum induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital subcellular organelle that orchestrates numerous essential biological processes, including protein synthesis and processing. Disruption of ER function can lead to ER stress, a condition closely associated with the progression and development of cancer. Consequently, inducing ER stress in cancer cells has emerged as an unconventional yet promising therapeutic approach.

Triphenylamine-Naphthalimide-Based "On-Off-On" AIEgen for Imaging Golgi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are two of the interesting subcellular organelles that are critical for protein synthesis, folding, processing, post-translational modifications, and secretion. Consequently, dysregulation in GA and ER and cross-talk between them are implicated in numerous diseases including cancer. As a result, simultaneous visualization of the GA and ER in cancer cells is extremely crucial for developing cancer therapeutics.

Quassinoids as Promising Anti-cancer Agents.

The use of current anticancer drugs is hampered by significant side effects and high costs. In the pursuit of safer, more effective, and affordable options, researchers have turned to nature as a valuable source of potential anticancer compounds. Quassinoids, a class of natural terpenoids, have garnered attention for their anticancer properties.

Small molecules for impairing endoplasmic reticulum in cancer.

The endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in maintaining the protein homeostasis of cells as well as regulating Ca storage. An increased load of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum due to alterations in the cell's metabolic pathway leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response, also known as ER stress. ER stress plays a major role in maintaining the growth and survival of various cancer cells, but persistent ER stress can also lead to cell death and hence can be a therapeutic pathway in the treatment of cancer.

Detouring Self-Assembled 3-Methoxy-pyrrole-Based Nanoparticles into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer remains a lethal disease globally. Recently, the development and progression of lung cancer were strongly linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, targeting mitochondria in lung cancer can be an interesting alternative strategy for therapeutic applications.

Comparative studies on the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of green tea, orthodox black tea and CTC black tea.

Tea is a natural dietary supplement rich in polyphenols and based on the manufacturing process, their polyphenol content also varies. In the present study, we have compared the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of green tea (GT), orthodox black tea (oBT) and CTC black tea (cBT). The analysis was carried out in 50:50 ethanol:water extracts.

Biomaterials for Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cancer.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important sub-cellular organelles which controls myriads of biological functions including protein biosynthesis with proper functional folded form, protein misfolding, protein transport into Golgi body for secretion, Ca homeostasis and so on. Subsequently, dysregulation in ER function leads to ER stress followed by disease pathology like cancer. Hence, targeting ER in the cancer cells emerged as one of the futuristic strategies for cancer treatment.

Chimeric Small Molecules for Detouring Drugs into Mitochondria to Engender Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Mitochondrion has appeared as one of the important targets for anti-cancer therapy. Subsequently, small molecule anti-cancer drugs are directed to the mitochondria for improved therapeutic efficacy. However, simultaneous imaging and impairing mitochondria by a single probe remained a major challenge.

Anti-adipogenic action of a novel oxazole derivative through activation of AMPK pathway.

Obesity is a chronic disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, medical, dietary and other environmental factors. Both natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds, especially oxazoles, represent an interesting group of compounds and have gained much attention due to their remarkable biological activities. Therefore, a library of 3,3-DMAH (3,3-dimethylallylhalfordinol) inspired N-alkylated oxazole bromide salts with varied substitutions were prepared and screened using the 3T3-L1 model of adipogenesis and HFD-induced obesity model in Syrian golden hamsters.

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and CYP Modulation Activity of Chebulinic Acid: A Potent Molecule Against Metabolic Disease.

Background: Chebulinic acid (CA) is an active constituent of fruits with therapeutic potential against multiple metabolic diseases, including dementia, benign prostate hyperplasia, and osteoporosis.

Objective: The present work intends to explore the preclinical pharmacokinetics, including the absolute bioavailability of CA and its influence on the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver.

Methods: Quantifying CA and probe drugs samples and preclinical serum samples of male rats were performed using LC-MS/MS.

Isolation of Food Grade Dye from Flower Petals of and Determination of Marker Compounds for Its Quantitative Analysis.

Health concerns associated with synthetic dyes/colorants have fostered the use of natural coloring materials for food applications. This study has been carried out to extract a natural dye from the flower petals of (family Fabaceae) under an eco-friendly and organic solvent-free approach. Hot aqueous extraction of dry flowers followed by lyophilization of the resulting extract furnished an orange-colored dye in ∼35% yield.

Long-term non-phosphorus application increased paddy methane emission by promoting organic acid and methanogen abundance in Tai Lake region, China.

Rice paddy is a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH), a major global warming source. CH emission from paddy fields is greatly influenced by phosphorus (P) management, especially the long-term non-P application on CH emission is largely unexplored. In the present study, long-term non-P application (NK) and P application (NPK) treatments of two paddy fields in Suzhou (from 1980) and Yixing (from 2009), Tai Lake region was done.

Transcriptional advantage influence odorant receptor gene choice.

Odorant receptors (ORs) obey mutual exclusivity and monoallelic mode of expression. Efforts are ongoing to decipher the molecular mechanism that drives the 'one-neuron-one-receptor' rule of olfaction. Recently, single-cell profiling of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) revealed the expression of multiple ORs in the immature neurons, suggesting that the OR gene choice mechanism is much more complex than previously described by the silence-all-and-activate-one model.

Chebulinic acid alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss by targeting the crosstalk between reactive oxygen species/NFκB signaling in osteoblast cells.

Chebulinic acid (CA), a plant ellagitannin derived from Triphala, is reported to exhibit both anti-inflammatory & anti-oxidant activity apart from anti-tumour property. However, its role in inflammatory bone loss conditions was unexplored. We hypothesized that CA may prevent the bone loss under inflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice.

Small molecule NSAID derivatives for impairing powerhouse in cancer cells.

Mitochondrion emerged as an important therapeutic target for anti-cancer strategy due to its involvement in cancer progression and development. However, progress of novel small molecules for selective targeting of mitochondria in cancer cells remained a major challenge. To address this, herein, through a concise synthetic strategy, we have synthesized a small molecule library of indomethacin and ibuprofen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) derivatives having triarylphosphonium moiety for mitochondria localization.

OdoriFy: A conglomerate of artificial intelligence-driven prediction engines for olfactory decoding.

The molecular mechanisms of olfaction, or the sense of smell, are relatively underexplored compared with other sensory systems, primarily because of its underlying molecular complexity and the limited availability of dedicated predictive computational tools. Odorant receptors (ORs) allow the detection and discrimination of a myriad of odorant molecules and therefore mediate the first step of the olfactory signaling cascade. To date, odorant (or agonist) information for the majority of these receptors is still unknown, limiting our understanding of their functional relevance in odor-induced behavioral responses.

EcTracker: Tracking and elucidating ectopic expression leveraging large-scale scRNA-seq studies.

Dramatic genomic alterations, either inducible or in a pathological state, dismantle the core regulatory networks, leading to the activation of normally silent genes. Despite possessing immense therapeutic potential, accurate detection of these transcripts is an ever-challenging task, as it requires prior knowledge of the physiological gene expression levels. Here, we introduce EcTracker, an R-/Shiny-based single-cell data analysis web server that bestows a plethora of functionalities that collectively enable the quantitative and qualitative assessments of bona fide cell types or tissue-specific transcripts and, conversely, the ectopically expressed genes in the single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing datasets.

Identification of Natural Products as Potential Pharmacological Chaperones for Protein Misfolding Diseases.

Defective protein folding and accumulation of misfolded proteins is associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, secretory, and metabolic disorders. Efforts are being made to identify small-molecule modulators or structural-correctors for conformationally destabilized proteins implicated in various protein aggregation diseases. Using a metastable-reporter-based primary screen, we evaluated pharmacological chaperone activity of a diverse class of natural products.

Phenanthrenoid Coelogin Isolated from Coelogyne cristata Exerts Osteoprotective Effect Through MAPK-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway.

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women globally. This study determined the mechanism through which coelogin stimulates osteoblastogenesis and its osteoprotective and bone regenerating potential. Coelogin effect on primary calvarial osteoblast cells was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, osteoblast survival, and apoptosis and protein expression studies.