Routing NSAIDs into the Golgi apparatus induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells.

The Golgi apparatus (GA), a critical sub-cellular organelle, plays a pivotal role in numerous biological signaling pathways, including the post-translational modification of proteins and their secretion to various cellular destinations. Dysregulation of GA function is implicated in the development of several diseases, including cancer. As a result, detouring clinically approved drugs into the GA for an enhanced anti-cancer effect remained a major challenge.

Small-molecule probes for imaging and impairing the Golgi apparatus in cancer.

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is one of the most important subcellular organelles controlling protein processing, post-translational modification and secretion. Dysregulation of the GA structure and function leads to multiple pathological states, including cancer development and metastasis. Consequently, visualizing GA dynamic structures and their impairment in cancer has emerged as a novel strategy for next-generation unorthodox cancer therapeutics.

Small Molecule-Mediated Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, which can be treated through invasive chemotherapeutic strategies, leading to severe toxic side effects, injury, and trauma to the patients. Recently, phototherapy gained lots of attention as an alternative, non-invasive cancer therapy. However, developing novel small molecules as chemophototherapeutic agents remained a major challenge.

Surrogate matrix approach to quantify endogenous progesterone in a fasting bioequivalence study of soft gelatin capsules in postmenopausal women.

In the present study, endogenous progesterone in plasma was quantified using a validated LC-MS/MS method. This bioanalytical technique was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study in postmenopausal female volunteers. The assay achieved a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 20 pg/mL for endogenous progesterone.

Small Molecule-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Cancer remains as one of the most life-threatening diseases in the whole world. Most of the therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer are highly invasive, leading to severe injury and trauma to the patients. In recent times, phototherapy has emerged as one of the noninvasive therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

Mapping of quantitative trait loci and mining of candidate genes for seed viability in soybean [ (L.) Merr.].

Global oilseed crop soybean [ (L.) Merrill] contains 18%-20% oil, 40%-45% protein, and countless nutrients vital for human health. It is grown worldwide for food, feed, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.

Relocating NSAIDs into the endoplasmic reticulum induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital subcellular organelle that orchestrates numerous essential biological processes, including protein synthesis and processing. Disruption of ER function can lead to ER stress, a condition closely associated with the progression and development of cancer. Consequently, inducing ER stress in cancer cells has emerged as an unconventional yet promising therapeutic approach.

Triphenylamine-Naphthalimide-Based "On-Off-On" AIEgen for Imaging Golgi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are two of the interesting subcellular organelles that are critical for protein synthesis, folding, processing, post-translational modifications, and secretion. Consequently, dysregulation in GA and ER and cross-talk between them are implicated in numerous diseases including cancer. As a result, simultaneous visualization of the GA and ER in cancer cells is extremely crucial for developing cancer therapeutics.

Small molecules for impairing endoplasmic reticulum in cancer.

The endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in maintaining the protein homeostasis of cells as well as regulating Ca storage. An increased load of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum due to alterations in the cell's metabolic pathway leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response, also known as ER stress. ER stress plays a major role in maintaining the growth and survival of various cancer cells, but persistent ER stress can also lead to cell death and hence can be a therapeutic pathway in the treatment of cancer.

Detouring Self-Assembled 3-Methoxy-pyrrole-Based Nanoparticles into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer remains a lethal disease globally. Recently, the development and progression of lung cancer were strongly linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, targeting mitochondria in lung cancer can be an interesting alternative strategy for therapeutic applications.

High amylopectin in waxy maize synergistically affects seed germination and seedling vigour over traditional maize genotypes.

Waxy maize grains rich in amylopectin have emerged as a popular food and industrial raw materials. Here, a set of waxy inbreds having recessive waxy1 (wx1) gene derived through marker-assisted selection (MAS), and their original versions were evaluated for germination, seed vigour index-I and vigour index-II, electrical conductivity (EC) and enzymatic activities viz., dehydrogenase (DH), esterase (EST), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and α-amylase (AMY).

Biomaterials for Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cancer.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important sub-cellular organelles which controls myriads of biological functions including protein biosynthesis with proper functional folded form, protein misfolding, protein transport into Golgi body for secretion, Ca homeostasis and so on. Subsequently, dysregulation in ER function leads to ER stress followed by disease pathology like cancer. Hence, targeting ER in the cancer cells emerged as one of the futuristic strategies for cancer treatment.

Mutant gene negates the unfavourable effects of gene on germination and seed vigour among -based biofortified sweet corn genotypes.

Sweet corn is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide. However, traditional shrunken2 (sh2 )-based sweet corn varieties are poor in nutritional quality. Here, we analysed the effect of (1) β-carotene hydroxylase1 (crtRB1 ), (2) opaque2 (o2 ) and (3) o2+crtRB1 genes on nutritional quality, germination, seed vigour and physico-biochemical traits in a set of 27 biofortified sh2 -based sweet corn inbreds.

Small-Molecule Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducer Triggers Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly critical for the sub-cellular protein synthesis, post-translational modifications and myriads of signalling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consequently, dysregulation in the ER functions leads to the ER stress in different pathological situations including cancer. Hence, exploring small molecules to induce ER stress emerged as one of the unorthodox strategies for future cancer therapeutics.

Chimeric Small Molecules for Detouring Drugs into Mitochondria to Engender Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Mitochondrion has appeared as one of the important targets for anti-cancer therapy. Subsequently, small molecule anti-cancer drugs are directed to the mitochondria for improved therapeutic efficacy. However, simultaneous imaging and impairing mitochondria by a single probe remained a major challenge.

Dog-bone shaped gold nanoparticle-mediated chemo-photothermal therapy impairs the powerhouse to trigger apoptosis in cancer cells.

The mitochondrion has emerged as one of the uncommon targets in cancer therapeutics due to its involvement in cancer generation and progression. Consequently, nanoplatform mediated delivery of anti-cancer drugs into the mitochondria of cancer tissues demonstrated immense potential in cancer treatment. In the last couple of decades, gold nanoparticles have gained incredible attention in biomedical applications due to their easy synthesis, size-shape tenability, optical properties and outstanding photothermal ability.

Small Molecule AIEgens for Illuminating Sub-Cellular Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, and Lysosomes.

Organelles are the working hubs of the cells. Hence, visualizing these organelles inside the cells is highly important for understanding their roles in pathological states and development of therapeutic strategies. Herein, we report the development of a novel highly substituted oxazoles with modular scaffolds (AIE-ER, AIE-Mito, and AIE-Lyso), which can home into endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes inside the cells.

Mitochondria Targeted AIE Probes for Cancer Phototherapy.

In recent years, mitochondrion (powerhouse of the cells) gained lots of interest as one of the unorthodox targets for futuristic cancer therapy. As a result, novel small molecules were developed to damage and image mitochondria in cancer models. In this context, aggregation-induced emission probes (AIEgens) received immense attention due to their applications in mitochondria-targeted biosensing, imaging, and biomedical theranostics.

Illuminating Sub-Cellular Organelles by Small Molecule AIEgens.

Sub-cellular organelles play a critical role in a myriad biological phenomena. Consequently, organelle structures and functions are invariably highjacked in diverse diseases including metabolic disorders, aging, and cancer. Hence, illuminating organelle dynamics is crucial in understanding the diseased states as well as developing organelle-targeted next generation therapeutics.

Chimeric nanoparticles for targeting mitochondria in cancer cells.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in myriad diseases, including cancer. Subsequently, targeting mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) in cancer cells has emerged as an unorthodox strategy for anti-cancer therapy. However, approaches targeting only one component of the mitochondrial "central dogma" can be evaded by cancer cells through various mechanisms.

Characterization of crtRB1- and vte4-based biofortified sweet corn inbreds for seed vigour and physico-biochemical traits.

Sweet corn possessing recessive shrunken2 (sh2) gene is popular worldwide. Traditional sweet corn is poor in vitamin A and vitamin E. Plant breeders during the selection of sweet corn genotypes mainly emphasize on plant architecture and yield.

Small molecule NSAID derivatives for impairing powerhouse in cancer cells.

Mitochondrion emerged as an important therapeutic target for anti-cancer strategy due to its involvement in cancer progression and development. However, progress of novel small molecules for selective targeting of mitochondria in cancer cells remained a major challenge. To address this, herein, through a concise synthetic strategy, we have synthesized a small molecule library of indomethacin and ibuprofen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) derivatives having triarylphosphonium moiety for mitochondria localization.

γ-Resorcyclic Acid-Based AIEgens for Illuminating Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as one of the interesting sub-cellular organelles due to its role in myriads of biological phenomena. Subsequently, visualization of the structure-function and dynamics of ER remained a major challenge to understand its involvement in different diseased states including cancer. To illuminate the ER, herein we have designed and synthesized γ-resorcyclic acid-based small molecules, which showed remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property in water.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Routing of Antibiotics into Mitochondria in Cancer Cells.

In recent years, antibiotics have emerged as alternative medicines in cancer therapy due to their capability of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. However, antibiotics render collateral damage in noncancerous cells by targeting mitochondrial transcription and translational machinery. To address this, herein, we have engineered three different mitochondria-targeted cationic antibiotic (tigecycline)-loaded nanoparticles from cholesterol conjugates.