Transient colonization by Priestia megaterium B1L5 alters the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome towards potential plant beneficial bacterial groups in apple plantlets.

Background: Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can beneficially modulate rhizosphere microbial communities, potentially improving plant health and reducing disease incidence. Limited research exists on the influence of PGPB inoculation on the rhizosphere microbial communities of apple plants, particularly in soils affected by apple replant disease (ARD). Here, we evaluated the capacity of GFP-labelled B1 (designated as B1L5) to colonize the roots of apple plantlets grown in two soils: ARD-affected soil and ARD-unaffected grass soil.

Initial shoot regeneration in the selenium hyperaccumulator Neptunia amplexicaulis and in vitro test system for selenium tolerance and accumulation.

The trace element selenium is essential for human nutrition but is distributed unevenly in soils worldwide with extensive selenium-deficient regions and selenium-enriched (seleniferous) areas. Neptunia amplexicaulis is one of the strongest selenium hyperaccumulator plants known and native to Australian seleniferous soils. Research in the genetic background of the selenium accumulation and tolerance mechanisms of this species lacks biotechnological and molecular tools for functional genetics.

Inoculation of apple plantlets with Rhodococcus pseudokoreensis R79 enhances diversity and modulates the structure of bacterial rhizosphere communities in soil affected by apple replant disease.

Background: Apple replant disease (ARD) represents a dysbiotic rhizosphere condition potentially driven by root exudates including phytoalexins at the root-soil interface. A promising mitigation strategy could be the application of bioinoculants that reduce these compounds and foster a diverse microbiome. This study investigated the effects of Rhodococcus pseudokoreensis R79, a strain with benzoate-degrading capabilities and genetic potential to degrade biphenyls, on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple plantlets grown in ARD-affected soil in a greenhouse experiment.

Catch crop amendments and microbial inoculants differently modulate apple rhizosphere microbiomes and plant responses.

Plant-soil feedback and soil microbial legacies play crucial roles in replanting success of apple. This study investigated how different soil amendment strategies influence these factors in replant disease-affected soil. Two approaches were tested: (i) the preculture and amendment of catch crops-either a single species, Tagetes patula, or a diverse catch crop mixture (CCM), and (ii) the inoculation of plant-beneficial microbes-bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or their combination (SynC).

Laser-wound stimulated adventitious root formation of cuttings involves a complex response at plant hormonal and metabolic level.

Introduction: The presence of wounds in addition to the excision-induced wounds after severance from the stock plants is known to positively influence adventitious root formation of woody plant cuttings. Previous morphological studies highlighted laser wounding as a technique allowing to precisely control the decisive ablation depth. However, the biochemical processes involved in the response of rooting to the additional wounding remained unexplored.

Effect of berry maturity stages on the germination and protein constituents of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum) seeds.

African nightshade (Solanum scabrum) is a vegetable of great importance in several African countries. Production by seed is constrained by limited access to high quality seed, leaving farmers unable to meet the growing demand. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of berry maturity stages (mature green and purple) on germination and protein components of African nightshade seeds.

Unraveling the genetic basis of Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and hairy root formation in rose using a genome-wide association study.

Multiple QTLs reveal the polygenic nature of R. rhizogenes-mediated transformation and hairy root formation in roses, with five key regions explaining 12.0-26.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses of early anatomical changes in rose adventitious root formation.

Adventitious root (AR) formation is a genetically complex trait with high genotypic variability. Therefore, only a limited range of cultivars are currently propagated by cuttings in rose. In this study, we analysed the anatomy of in vitro shoots, the early formation of root primordia (RP) and the formation of ARs in a diverse set of 106 rose genotypes.

Rhizosphere competent inoculants modulate the apple root-associated microbiome and plant phytoalexins.

Modulating the soil microbiome by applying microbial inoculants has gained increasing attention as eco-friendly option to improve soil disease suppressiveness. Currently, studies unraveling the interplay of inoculants, root-associated microbiome, and plant response are lacking for apple trees. Here, we provide insights into the ability of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 or Pseudomonas sp.

Anatomical limitations in adventitious root formation revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, infrared spectroscopy, and histology of rose genotypes with contrasting rooting phenotypes.

Adventitious root (AR) formation is one of the most important developmental processes in vegetative propagation. Although genotypic differences in rose rooting ability are well known, the causal factors are not well understood. The rooting of two contrasting genotypes, 'Herzogin Friederike' and 'Mariatheresia', was compared following a multiscale approach.

GWAS of adventitious root formation in roses identifies a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase (SAC9) for marker-assisted selection.

Rose propagation by cuttings is limited by substantial genotypic differences in adventitious root formation. To identify possible genetic factors causing these differences and to develop a marker for marker-assisted selection for high rooting ability, we phenotyped 95 cut and 95 garden rose genotypes in a hydroponic rooting system over 6 weeks. Data on rooting percentage after 3 to 6 weeks, root number, and root fresh mass were highly variable among genotypes and used in association mappings performed on genotypic information from the WagRhSNP 68 K Axiom SNP array for roses.

Carnivory on demand: phosphorus deficiency induces glandular leaves in the African liana Triphyophyllum peltatum.

Triphyophyllum peltatum, a rare tropical African liana, is unique in its facultative carnivory. The trigger for carnivory is yet unknown, mainly because the plant is difficult to propagate and cultivate. This study aimed at identifying the conditions that result in the formation of carnivorous leaves.

Low-cost and automated phenotyping system "Phenomenon" for multi-sensor in situ monitoring in plant in vitro culture.

Background: The current development of sensor technologies towards ever more cost-effective and powerful systems is steadily increasing the application of low-cost sensors in different horticultural sectors. In plant in vitro culture, as a fundamental technique for plant breeding and plant propagation, the majority of evaluation methods to describe the performance of these cultures are based on destructive approaches, limiting data to unique endpoint measurements. Therefore, a non-destructive phenotyping system capable of automated, continuous and objective quantification of in vitro plant traits is desirable.

Combined nitrogen and drought stress leads to overlapping and unique proteomic responses in potato.

Nitrogen deficient and drought-tolerant or sensitive potatoes differ in proteomic responses under combined (NWD) and individual stresses. The sensitive genotype 'Kiebitz' exhibits a higher abundance of proteases under NWD. Abiotic stresses such as N deficiency and drought affect the yield of Solanum tuberosum L.

Stimulation of adventitious root formation by laser wounding in rose cuttings: A matter of energy and pattern.

Adventitious root (AR) formation is the basis of vegetative propagation in rose, be it stem cuttings or stenting. During this process, wounding plays a pivotal role since cell reprogramming takes place at the tissue adjacent to the wound. We investigated the effects of wounding on AR formation on leafy single-node stem cuttings of the rose rootstock 'Pfänder' (codes R02-3 and R02-6) and the cut rose cultivar 'Tan09283' (Registration name 'Beluga').

Correction: Identification and validation of early genetic biomarkers for apple replant disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Identification of Candidate Genes Associated With Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease by Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis.

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide economic risk in apple cultivation for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. Several studies on the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. RNA-seq analysis is a powerful tool for revealing candidate genes that are involved in the molecular responses to biotic stresses in plants.

Dynamics of Bacterial Root Endophytes of Plants Grown in Field Soils Affected by Apple Replant Disease.

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide problem for tree nurseries and orchards leading to reduced plant growth and fruit quality. The etiology of this complex phenomenon is poorly understood, but shifts of the bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiome seem to play an important role. Since roots are colonized by microbes from the rhizosphere, studies of the endophytic microbiome in relation to ARD are meaningful.

Removing the major allergen Bra j I from brown mustard (Brassica juncea) by CRISPR/Cas9.

Food allergies are a major health issue worldwide. Modern breeding techniques such as genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to mitigate this by targeting allergens in plants. This study addressed the major allergen Bra j I, a seed storage protein of the 2S albumin class, in the allotetraploid brown mustard (Brassica juncea).

Formation and exudation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins by roots of the apple rootstock M26 grown in apple replant disease soil.

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe soil-borne disease frequently observed in apple tree nurseries and orchards worldwide. One of the responses of apple trees to ARD is the formation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins in their roots. However, there is no information on whether or not these phytoalexins are exuded into the soil.

Corrigendum: Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.

The Orphan Crop Accumulates the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Jacobine in Response to Nitrogen Starvation.

is an African orphan crop that is used as a leafy vegetable and medicinal plant. Although it is of high regional importance in Sub-Saharan Africa, the plant is still mainly collected from the wild and therefore efforts are made to promote its domestication. However, in addition to beneficial properties, there was first evidence that can accumulate the highly toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) jacobine and here it was investigated, how jacobine production is controlled.