Possible association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and autism spectrum disorder.

Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic apicomplexan protozoan estimated to affect approximately 30% of the global population. In this review, we aimed to examine scientific evidence on the potential role of T. gondii infection in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.

The Impact of Ivermectin on Immune Response and Wound Healing in a Mouse Model Infected With .

Understanding the immune pathogenesis mechanisms of leishmaniasis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigated the effect of ivermectin (IVE) on the expression of transcription factors GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), T-bet, and ROR-γt as well as wound healing Leishmania infection. Leishmania promastigotes were subcutaneously inoculated into the tail base of BALB/c mice ( = 10 per group) who later received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), IVE, Glucantime, or a combination of IVE and Glucantime as soon as wounds developed, approximately three weeks' postinfection.

Design and immunological evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against incorporating MIC13, GRA1, and SAG1 antigens in BALB/c mice.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite , is a globally significant yet neglected disease that can cause serious clinical consequences in humans and extensive losses in the livestock industry. However, no effective vaccine has been provided for this parasite, so this study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a chimeric multi-epitope antigen as a potential toxoplasmosis vaccine candidate in a murine model. The multi-epitope vaccine candidate, designed with bioinformatics tools, MGS: a chimera of MIC13, GRA1, and SAG1 antigens, was expressed in BL21 and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography using a His Ni-NTA column.

Association between latent toxoplasmosis and bipolar disorder: a case-control seroprevalence study.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the most successful obligate protozoan that can infect warm-blooded vertebrate hosts. Some researchers suggest that the presence of Toxoplasma cysts in the brain can lead to mental disorders.

Structural Prediction and Antigenic Analysis of ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 Proteins to Improve Vaccine Design against : An Approach.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease in warmblooded mammals that poses a serious worldwide threat due to the lack of effective medications and vaccines.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine using several bioinformatics approaches against the antigens of .

Methods: Three proteins of , including ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 were analyzed to predict the most dominant B- and T-cell epitopes.

Effective factors in the pathogenesis of .

() is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite in humans and animals. It infects about 30 % of the human population worldwide and causes potentially fatal diseases in immunocompromised hosts and neonates. For this study, five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and the internet search engine Google Scholar were searched.

Current status and future prospects of vaccine candidates: A systematic review.

The larval stages of () are what cause the zoonotic disease known as alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Identifying the antigens that trigger immune responses during infection is extremely important for the development of vaccines against infections. Several studies conducted in recent decades have described the specific traits of the protective antigens found in and their role in immunizing different animal hosts.

Toxoplasma gondii infection and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in ABO blood groups and assess the relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii and blood groups. A literature search was carried out for epidemiological studies that were published through December 2022.

Vaccine Design and Expression of the Multi-Component Protein Candidate against the Parasite from MIC13, GRA1, and SAG1 Antigens.

Background: We aimed to design a B and T cell recombinant protein vaccine of with approach. MIC13 plays an important role in spreading the parasite in the host body. GRA1 causes the persistence of the parasite in the parasitophorous vacuole.

Toxoplasma infection and Rhesus blood group system: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common infections in humans and animals, which is caused by an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Some data have shown that both Rhesus (Rh)-positive and Rh-negative individuals differ in response to biological factors, including Toxoplasma infection.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-parasitic Activity of Sambucus ebulus and Feijoa sellowiana Extracts Silver Nanoparticles on Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites.

Background: Current chemical treatments for toxoplasmosis have side effects, researchers are looking for herbal remedies with minimal side effects and the best effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effects of silver nanoparticles based on Sambucus ebulus (Ag-NPs-S. ebulus) and Feijoa sellowiana (Ag-NPs-F.

Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide with a high impact on human and animal health. Body fluids such as milk are used to diagnose many parasitic diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of milk as a non-invasive and alternative sample for serum in the diagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis.

Enhancement of immune responses by vaccine potential of three antigens, including ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 against acute toxoplasmosis in mice.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes considerable financial losses in the livestock industry and can present serious threats to pregnant women, as well as immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is required to design and produce an efficient vaccine for controlling toxoplasmosis.

More Than Seventy Years of Research (1948-November 2021) on in Iran: A Narrative Review.

In this review, we intend to provide a summary of the activities of researchers in the field of in Iran, during the past 70 years. Most studies have been limited to epidemiological studies (mostly using ELISA and IFA methods). Designing a standard and reliable method using the specific antigens of this parasite is essential.

Evaluation of anti-parasitic activities of new quinolones containing nitrofuran moiety against Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease with a worldwide prevalence that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are two pharmacological agents commonly used to treat of this infection. However, they are accompanied by some side effects.

Saliva and tear as useful tools for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in human specimens: a systematic review.

Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed by serology, mainly using invasive specimens such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid. This study aimed to investigate whether saliva and tear samples can be used instead of serum samples to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii. Five English-language databases were checked up to 2021.

Neospora caninum infection in aborting bovines and lost fetuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Neospora caninum (N. caninum) is known to be a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle herds around the world. Therefore, the current comprehensive study was performed to estimate the global prevalence of N.

The Global Prevalence of Infection in Sheep and Goats That Had an Abortion and Aborted Fetuses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

() can be a potential factor causing a significant rate of miscarriages in small ruminants (sheep and goats) worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the global status of in sheep and goats that had an abortion and aborted fetuses. Five English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) were searched for relevant scientific articles published from their inception until November 4, 2021.

Toxoplasmosis: Targeting neurotransmitter systems in psychiatric disorders.

The most common form of the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is latent toxoplasmosis due to the formation of tissue cysts in various organs, such as the brain. Latent toxoplasmosis is probably a risk factor in the development of some neuropsychiatric disorders.

The global seroprevalence of infection in bovines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bovines, especially cattle, are considered as one of the main sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. A more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of T. gondii is needed to provide a global perspective on the prevalence of T.

: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease.

() is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with ; however, for a long time, there has been much interest in the examination of the possible role of this parasite in the development of mental disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). may play a role in the progression of AD using mechanisms, such as the induction of the host's immune responses, inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), alteration in the levels of neurotransmitters, and activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase.

in mollusks and cold-blooded animals: a systematic review.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is known for its ability to infect warm-blooded vertebrates. Although T.

Global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Camelidae: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The present study aimed to analyze data available of the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) among camelids around the world.

Methods: The search was performed using seven international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and EMBASE up to 11 October 2018.

Global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the aborted fetuses and ruminants that had an abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic apicomplexan protozoan that can cause reproductive losses in ruminants across the world. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the worldwide prevalence of T.