Different impacts of intestinal microbiota and lifestyle factors on advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer risk.

The association between intestinal microbiota, dietary and lifestyle habits, and colorectal cancer (CRC) development is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the association between intestinal microbiota composition and CRC risk across clinical stages, accounting for dietary and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study conducted in Japan included 499 participants who underwent colonoscopies.

Contribution to Establishing a Foundation for Promoting Cancer Control in Japan by Providing Precise Cancer Information and Establishing a Research Infrastructure-Secondary Publication.

At the beginning of 2000, the National Cancer Center had little involvement in cancer statistics. In addition, cancer incidence data were collected by regional cancer registries (approximately 30 prefectures have on-site registries), but the problems were that (1) the completeness of the registration was low, (2) the registration method was not standardized, and (3) usage was limited. In the Third Comprehensive Strategic Cancer Research Project (2004-2013), Field 7, "Research on Developing Cancer Surveillance System and Disseminating Cancer Information," was added, and we could build a system to aggregate the latest cancer statistical data from Japan and provide it as content for cancer information services.

Specific Cardiovascular Mortality in Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan.

Background: Improvements in cancer survivorship have led to concern about cardiovascular disease (CVD) among cancer survivors. This study aimed to investigate CVD mortality in patients with cancer compared with the general population, with a focus on specific CVDs including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study used data from the National Cancer Registry in Japan.

Consumption of salt and high-salt foods and the risks of oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal cancers: the JACC Study.

The association between salt and salted food consumption and oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal cancers remains inconclusive. To address this, we conducted a large-scale nationwide cohort study in Japan, a region globally recognised for its high-salt consumption. In a baseline survey conducted from 1988 to 1990, salt consumption was evaluated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire in a sample of 42,535 participants aged 40-79 years.

Protocol and Progress of a Thyroid Study in the Epidemiological Study of Health Effects in Fukushima Emergency Workers.

Objective: To describe the protocol and progress of a thyroid study using thyroid ultrasonography in emergency workers who responded to the Fukushima nuclear accident.

Methods: Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on Fukushima emergency workers at over 60 health examination institutions. The accuracy of ultrasonography is controlled by standard procedural protocols, examiner training, and a central review system.

Association between maternal distress during pregnancy and lower 5-min-Apgar score of the offspring: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Although the influence of maternal distress during pregnancy on newborn Apgar scores has been studied in various populations, there is limited research specifically addressing this issue among Asian women. This study of Japanese women aims to investigate the association between maternal distress during pregnancy and the risk of a low 5-min-Apgar score among newborns.

Methods: We analyzed data from 87,765 mother-newborn pairs in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Risk score for non-vaccination of voluntary vaccines: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: In Japan, as several important vaccines are still categorized as voluntary vaccines that require out-of-pocket payment, the vaccination coverage of voluntary vaccines is lower than that of routine vaccines. Thus, higher voluntary vaccination rates are desired. Herein, we used nationwide birth cohort data to create a voluntary vaccine risk score to identify high-risk individuals who were not vaccinated with voluntary vaccines.

[Current status of relocation among terminally ill older residents of nursing facilities: Observational study using anonymous long-term care receipt information].

Objectives　In Japan, efforts to provide "end-of-life care" in nursing homes are increasing and its introduction through long-term care insurance in 2006 is a major step forward. However, previous studies have shown that relocating older adults to their end-of-life care affects their burden. This study examined individuals' end-of-life care use under long-term care insurance in older care facilities and investigated the relocation frequency among terminally ill older residents of nursing facilities using receipt data.

Real-world status of multimodal treatment of Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer in Japan: Results from the SOLUTION study, a non-interventional, multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: There is limited consensus on resectability criteria for Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the patient characteristics, N2 status, treatment decisions, and clinical outcomes according to the treatment modality for Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan.

Materials And Methods: Patients with Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan were consecutively registered in the SOLUTION study between 2013 and 2014.

Impact of colorectal cancer screening by primary tumor location in a real-world setting in Japan.

The objective of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the impact of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by primary tumor location. We compared the risk of requiring treatment for advanced disease and total medical costs per patient between CRC patients who underwent FOBT within 1 year before initial treatment for CRC and those who did not, using the JMDC Claims database, large-scale health insurance claims and checkup data in Japan. Treatment for advanced disease was defined as (1) nonendoscopic therapy or (2) chemotherapy or radiotherapy, performed during the follow-up period.

Mortality After Partner's Cancer Diagnosis or Death: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Background: The health statuses of closely connected individuals are interdependent. Little is known about mortality risk associated with partner's cancer diagnosis and cause-specific mortality risk associated with partner's death.

Methods: Relative risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality following a partner's cancer diagnosis or death compared to the period when the partner is cancer-free and alive were investigated in the population-based prospective cohort study that enrolled 140,420 people at the age between 40-69 years in 1990-1994.

Intestinal Bacteria Fluctuating in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Carcinogenesis are Associated with Diet in Healthy Adults.

This hospital-based, cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between diet and fluctuating intestinal bacteria in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) (, , , and ). Healthy participants ( = 212) who underwent total colonoscopy at National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) were divided into two groups according to the relative abundance of bacteria in their feces: those in the top 25% of relative bacterial abundance as cases and the bottom 25% as controls. The participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) according to their intake of food groups associated with CRC.

Maternal diabetes and risk of offspring congenital heart diseases: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Few prospective cohort studies have examined the association between maternal diabetes, including pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes, and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in Asian offspring.

Methods: We examined the association between maternal diabetes and offspring CHD among 97,094 mother-singleton infant pairs in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) between January 2011 and March 2014. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of offspring CHD based on maternal diabetes (pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes) were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal smoking habits, alcohol consumption, annual household income, and maternal education.