From nets to barcodes: Selecting suitable methods for assessing fish and prawn assemblages in seagrass meadows.

Seagrass meadows are vital coastal ecosystems that support fish and prawn assemblages, providing essential resources such as food and refuge. They are especially important as nursery habitats for ecologically and economically important juvenile fish and prawns. However, seagrass ecosystems are declining globally due to their vulnerability to both natural disturbances and anthropogenic impacts.

Deep learning-based prediction of rheumatoid arthritis-associated deformity on MRI.

Introduction: While the prevalence of surgery to correct atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), subaxial subluxation (SAS) and vertical translocation (VT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had declined, cervical deformity is still observed regularly.

Research Question: The objective of this study is to develop a deep learning-based algorithm to predict RA-associated upper cervical spine deformity in patients before or close to RA diagnosis, with the purpose of early risk stratification.

Materials And Methods: Patients with RA in which follow-up cervical MRI studies (at least 3 years apart) were available were identified retrospectively in two tertiary care centers.

Phase variation in challenges the static genome paradigm.

is a key agent in bovine respiratory disease (BRD), driving antibiotic use in feedyard cattle. As a facultative anaerobe commonly found in the upper respiratory tracts of cattle, its role under anaerobic conditions in BRD has not been extensively studied despite the known importance of anaerobiosis in human respiratory infections. Utilizing a combined omics approach, we refuted the null hypothesis that the genome sequence is independent of the environment.

The social ambivalence and disease model: Childhood trauma as an antecedent factor linking spousal ambivalence to inflammation.

Objective: Ambivalence in relationships is related to health-relevant biological outcomes. However, the antecedent processes that contribute to this association are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to test the prediction of the social ambivalence and disease model, which highlights the potential role of childhood trauma as an antecedent factor linking spousal ambivalence to inflammation.

National trends in crowdfunding for neurosurgery: Scalable natural language processing of publicly available data using a large language model.

Objective: Online crowdfunding, commonly used to cover healthcare costs for vulnerable populations, is directly linked to health disparities and gaps in social safety-net systems. The nationwide impact of crowdfunding on neurosurgery remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the funds raised, success rate, geographic distribution, and most frequent conditions for neurosurgery-related crowdfunding campaigns.

Integrative Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Resistance to First-Generation Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly.

Context: Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) due to pituitary adenomas, often necessitates first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fgSRLs) therapy when surgery fails. However, responses to fgSRLs therapy vary widely.

Objective: To develop a machine learning (ML)-based calculator that predicts individual responses to fgSRLs therapy, enabling evidence-based acromegaly management.

Impact of Extent of Resection on Survival in Brain Metastasis: An Analysis of 867 Patients.

Background And Objectives: The association between extent of resection (EOR) and outcomes after brain metastasis (BM) surgery remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between EOR and overall survival (OS)/intracranial progression-free survival (IC-PFS) in this patient group.

Methods: We included patients who underwent BM resection and had postoperative MRI <72 hours.

Years of life lost due to central nervous system tumor subtypes in the United States.

Background: Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a disease burden measure quantifying the number of years lost due to premature mortality for a given disease. The present study sought to assess YLL for primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumor histopathologies in the United States.

Methods: Mortality, incidence, and life expectancy data for mortalities occurring in 2018 were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System and the National Program of Cancer Registries.

Transitional Care Program for Spine Surgery: Impact on Length of Stay for Extended Recovery Unit Patients.

Background And Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a transitional care program (TCP) implemented for spinal neurosurgery patients, focusing on the reduction of length of stay (LOS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated by 5 primary surgeons at our institution from January 2023 to December 2023. The analysis included 2 distinct parts: a multivariable ordinary least squares regression to determine factors affecting LOS for all spine surgery patients and a subset analysis using multivariable logistic regression to identify factors contributing to extended LOS in extended recovery unit (ERU)-admitted patients.

Volumetric changes in the bone flap at one year follow up in patients undergoing craniotomy.

Although bone resorption has been extensively reported following craniectomy, bone resorption and fusion rates following craniotomy remains unexplored. The aim of the present study was to conduct a volumetric assessment of craniotomy resorption and fusion rates at one year following the index surgery. Adult patients who had a computed tomography scan immediately after craniotomy and at one year follow up were included in the study.

Hesitancy and confidence in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination among diverse caregivers of unvaccinated children.

Introduction: Understanding factors associated with hesitancy about pediatric COVID-19 vaccination is important for identifying strategies to improve vaccination rates. Our objective was to describe beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination among caregivers who had not yet vaccinated their children against COVID-19.

Methods: From July 2022 to February 2023, caregivers of children unvaccinated for COVID-19 across 15 states within the IDeA States Pediatrics Clinical Trial Network were recruited into a randomized, controlled trial of a COVID-19 vaccine communication phone app.

Carbonyl Hydration of the Diethyl and Dimethyl Phosphate Derivatives of Acetone: Equilibrium Constants, Polar Substituent Constants of the -CHOP(O)(OR) Groups, and Use of the Marcus Equation to Clarify the Mechanism of Alkaline Hydrolysis.

This study provides an examination of the equilibrium constants and thermodynamic quantities for hydration of the diethyl and dimethyl phosphate derivatives of acetone in DO. Notably, our results offer direct evidence for the hydration of the carbonyl group in the ketol phosphate utilizing Marcus theory to gain insight into microscopic rate constants associated with hydrolysis. Additionally, hydration constants are employed with linear free-energy relationships to obtain polar substituent constants for the (RO)P(O)OCH groups and equilibrium constants for hydroxide addition to the ketol phosphates.

Factors Affecting Nasal Discharge in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients.

Background: Nasal discharge is a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); however, patients often use variable descriptions for this symptom. The 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) presents four different questions regarding this symptom. The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine which patient-specific factors influence the severity of nasal drainage.

Preoperative assessment of tumor eloquence and resectability: an international survey.

Background And Objectives: Tumor location and its proximity to eloquent brain areas are key factors in glioma surgery decision-making. However, the absence of a consensus definition for eloquent brain areas leads to variability in surgical decision-making. This survey aimed to assess this heterogeneity in defining eloquent brain regions.

A systematic review of digital activity schedule use in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Background: This systematic review examined the effectiveness of digital activity schedules as an intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability.

Method: To be included, studies had to use a digitally presented activity schedule, excluding task analyses of single activities or group visual schedules, and the intervention must involve individuals with ASD or intellectual disability as the participants.

Results: Seventeen studies met the criteria, involving 58 participants, and focused on leisure, independent living, and academic skills across different age groups, with 82% reporting fidelity of implementation.

Long-term safety and tolerability of zavegepant 10-mg nasal spray with concomitant use of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies or other select preventive migraine medications: Results from a phase 2/3 open-label study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of zavegepant (ZAV) when used as needed for acute treatment of migraine in patients taking concomitant preventive migraine medications (anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies [CGRP mAbs] or other select preventive migraine medications [OSPs]).

Background: People with migraine often use preventive and acute treatments concomitantly for breakthrough attacks. ZAV 10-mg nasal spray is the first intranasal, small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.

STAR Locally Prolongs Effective Refractory Period and Increases Ventricular Tachycardia Cycle Length Without Short-Term Scar Formation or Functional Decline: Insights From a Translational Porcine Model Study.

Background: Stereotactic arrhythmia radiotherapy (STAR) has emerged as a potential therapy for treatment-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, the mechanisms underlying STAR efficacy, such as scar or other electromechanical changes, are still unclear. The goal of this study was to develop a translational porcine model of ischemic monomorphic VT treated with STAR to examine the physiological changes after a typical clinical STAR treatment.

Gabapentinoids confer survival benefit in human glioblastoma.

Neuronal-glioma interactions are increasingly recognized as critical in the development and progression of central nervous system tumors. Recent research highlights that gliomas can integrate into neural circuits through various mechanisms, including the synaptogenic factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). This new mechanistic understanding of cancer neuroscience allows for novel insights into target discovery.

Non-recurrent mutations and copy number changes predominate pituitary adenoma genomes.

Objective: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common neoplasms. Our current understanding of the molecular basis of PA formation is incomplete. Routine implementation of targeted genomics has enabled the discovery of rare, potentially clinically actionable events.