Multimodal AI diagnostic system for neuromyelitis optica based on ultrawide-field fundus photography.

Purpose: While deep learning (DL) has demonstrated significant utility in ocular diseases, no clinically validated algorithm currently exists for diagnosing neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This study aimed to develop a proof-of-concept multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic model that synergistically integrates ultrawide field fundus photographs (UWFs) with clinical examination data for predicting the onset and stage of suspected NMO.

Methods: The study utilized the UWFs of 330 eyes from 285 NMO patients and 1,288 eyes from 770 non-NMO participants, along with clinical examination reports, to develop an AI model for predicting the onset or stage of suspected NMO.

NWD1 influences the extension of neuronal axons by regulating microtubule stability.

Proteins belonging to the STAND (signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains) family have been implicated in crucial functions across various signal transduction pathways, encompassing both apoptosis and innate immune responses. In this study, we have identified NWD1, a member of the STAND superfamily, as a gene that regulates neurite outgrowth. This was confirmed by siRNA knockdown assay in E18 neurons.

Involvement of IGF1 in endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to cataract formation through regulating Nrf2/NF-κB signaling.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is reportedly involved in the development of ophthalmic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in ER stress. A mouse cataract model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite, and sh-IGF1 was used to evaluate the effect of silencing IGF1 on cataract progression.

Effects of chemokine receptor CCR7 in the pathophysiology and clinical features of the immuno-inflammatory response in primary pterygium.

Objective: Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) has been considered a critical biomarker in inflammation and the immune response; however, little is known about CCR7 in pterygia. This study aimed to investigate whether CCR7 participates in the pathogenesis of primary pterygia and how CCR7 affects the progression of pterygia.

Methods: This was an experimental study.

The activation of gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor axis via sonic hedgehog signaling promotes the bridging of gapped nerves in sciatic nerve injury.

Schwann cells play an essential role in peripheral nerve regeneration by generating a favorable microenvironment. Gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor (GIP/GIPR) axis deficiency leads to failure of sciatic nerve repair. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Evaluation of Early Retinal Nerve Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Diabetic Retinopathy.

To investigate the damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex layer (GCL+) in diabetic patients without retinal microangioma and to determine the kind of nerve damage more likely to indicate early injury. We included 360 patients (360 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 168 healthy volunteers (168 eyes). Patients with retinal microangioma were excluded by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).

Comparison of Different Types of Corneal Foreign Bodies Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: The present study highlighted the value of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for different types of corneal foreign bodies in humans.

Methods: This study was a prospective observational study. The patients included were divided into two groups.

Transcriptome alterations in HepG2 cells induced by shRNA knockdown and overexpression of gene.

Transmembrane 2 () gene inhibits chronic hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Transcriptome alterations in HepG2 cells following overexpression or silencing by shRNA were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Both overexpression and knockdown of the gene caused wide-spread changes in gene expression in HepG2 cells.

Diagnostic Value of Systematic Imaging Examination in Embedded Optic Disc Drusen in Adolescents with Mild Visual Impairment.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic value of systematic ophthalmologic imaging examination in the diagnosis of embedded optic disc drusen (ODD) in adolescents with mild visual impairment.

Methods: Eleven patients were evaluated through optometric examination, fundus photography, visual field inspection, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasonography (US), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Of the 11 patients, three also underwent cranial and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).