Gender differences in neurocognitive impairment among first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of first-episode schizophrenia (FES), yet the influence of biological sex on its manifestation remains under characterized. Existing evidence suggests sex differences in cognitive profiles among chronic schizophrenia patients, but whether these patterns emerge in drug-naïve FES patients-and how they relate to clinical symptoms-requires clarification.

Methods: We recruited 382 drug-naïve FES patients and 522 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and education.

Efficiency and Extent of Niacin-Induced Skin Flushing Patterns in Early Stages of Psychosis.

Niacin-induced skin flushing response (NSFR) attenuation is a well documented biomarker for psychosis and has also been used in studies of bipolar affective disorder. It appears not only in later stages but also in first episodes and in clinical high-risk (CHR) stages. NSFR tests were conducted on healthy controls (HC), CHR individuals, and first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from January 2019 to March 2024.

Predictive role of erythrocyte fatty acids in conversion to psychosis: a longitudinal study of clinical high-risk individuals.

Introduction: Fatty acid (FA) alterations are associated in patients with psychosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of FAs in predicting the conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) and to distinguish CHR individuals from healthy controls (HC).

Materials And Methods: A three-year longitudinal study was conducted involving 67 CHR individuals and 25 HC participants.

Early improvement of psychopathological symptoms with add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment as the key contributor to improving remission in schizophrenia.

Early improvement with antipsychotic treatment is thought to be important in patients with first-episode schizophrenia(FES); however, no study has examined the contribution of add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This study is aimed to investigate the efficacy and early improvement of rTMS in FES and to identify the relationship between initial symptom reduction and late response. A total of 105 patients with FES were randomly assigned to two groups: active rTMS group (n = 60) and sham rTMS group (n = 45), with existing olanzapine (10-20 mg/day) combined with 20 sessions of 1Hz active/sham rTMS over the right orbitofrontal cortex (20min/session, 5times/week).

The impact of aripiprazole on neurocognitive function in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: A comparison with olanzapine and non-antipsychotic treatment.

Background: Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is often managed with antipsychotic medications, but their effects on neurocognitive performance and clinical outcomes remain insufficiently explored. This study investigates the association between aripiprazole and olanzapine use and cognitive and clinical outcomes in CHR individuals, compared to those receiving no antipsychotic treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 127 participants from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) cohort, categorized into three groups: aripiprazole, olanzapine, and no antipsychotic treatment.

Impaired insight as a predictor of psychotic transition in high-risk individuals with attenuated positive symptoms.

Background: Impaired insight is a significant barrier to treatment adherence in psychotic disorders and is linked to positive symptoms, which predict transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk. This study hypothesizes that impaired insight independently predicts conversion outcomes in individuals with attenuated positive symptoms (APS).

Methods: Four hundred forty APS individuals were categorized into low impaired insight (IIL, 209) and high impaired insight (IIH, 231) groups, as well as low positive symptoms (PSL, 217) and high positive symptoms (PSH, 223) groups.

Neurocognitive resilience as a predictor of psychosis onset and functional outcomes in individuals at high risk.

Background: Neurocognitive resilience (NCR) refers to the ability of individuals to maintain cognitive function despite the presence of risk factors for psychosis. Investigating NCR is important as it may help predict the onset of psychosis and functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Methods: This study employed a multi-group prospective design with a 3-year follow-up as part of the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis-Extended project.

Investigating the disconnection between cytokine and symptom clusters in clinical high risk populations: Towards a comprehensive cross-dimensional analysis.

Objective: Clustering individuals at the Clinical High-Risk(CHR) stage of psychosis often relies on single dimensions, and the independence or overlap of clustering results across different dimensions lacks sufficient evidence. Additionally, it remains unclear whether combining different dimensions-such as biological markers(e.g.

Brain Network Resilience and Cognitive Function in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Background: First-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FESSDs) are associated with significant cognitive impairment that affects daily functioning. While these deficits are well documented, the neural mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment in FESSDs remain limited. Because the structure robustness and resilience of the brain network in healthy populations are reported to be associated with cognitive function, we examined these associations in patients with FESSDs.

Gender differences in cognitive performance among young adults with first-episode schizophrenia in China.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit distinctive patterns of cognitive impairments, which pose difficulties in patients' everyday functionality and reduce patients' quality of life. Previous research suggests that many demographic variables, such as gender and age, influence the cognitive performance profiles of schizophrenia patients; however, the gender differences in neurocognitive dysfunction among first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients remain less clear.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we compared the cognitive performance of FES patients to that of healthy controls (HC), with a specific focus on gender differences within the Chinese population aged under 35 years.

Cognitive impairments in first-episode psychosis patients with attenuated niacin response.

Background: Psychosis is a complex brain disorder with diverse biological subtypes influenced by various pathogenic mechanisms, which can affect treatment efficacy. The ANR(Attenuated Niacin Response) subtype is characterized by pronounced negative symptoms and functional impairments, suggesting a distinct clinical profile. However, research on the cognitive characteristics associated with the ANR subtype in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis(FEP) patients remains limited.

Age-related differences in borderline personality disorder traits and childhood maltreatment: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: This study investigates age-related differences in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits and childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences among adolescents, young adults, and older adults within a clinical sample.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 2029 outpatients aged 15-50 years from the Shanghai Mental Health Center. BPD traits were assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th Edition Plus (PDQ-4+), and CM experiences were evaluated using the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF).

Two-Month Cognitive Changes Enhance Prediction of Nonremission in Clinical High-Risk Individuals.

Background: Longitudinal changes in cognitive function may be crucial in predicting clinical outcomes in clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of baseline cognitive impairment and short-term cognitive changes for nonremission and conversion to psychosis in individuals at CHR for psychosis compared with healthy control individuals (HCs).

Methods: This study used a multiple-group prospective design with a 3-year follow-up.

Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Patients with psychiatric disorders exhibit general autonomic dysregulation and elevated cardiovascular risks, which could be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). However, HRV is susceptible to age and other patient-specific factors. This study aimed to investigate the HRV profile and age-related variations, as well as the potential influence of sex, BMI, and HR on HRV in psychiatric populations.

Cognitive impairment in adolescent and adult-onset psychosis: a comparative study.

Background: Cognitive impairment presents in both adolescent-onset(ado-OP) and adult-onset psychosis(adu-OP). Age and neurodevelopmental factors likely contribute to cognitive differences. This study aimed to characterize cognitive functions in ado-OP compared to adu-OP in a clinical population with drug-naive first-episode psychosis(FEP).

mRNA 5-methylcytosine in Eimeria tenella oocysts: An abundant post-transcriptional modification associated with broad-ranging biological processes.

Eimeria tenella is the major causative agent of chicken coccidiosis. 5-Methylcytosine (mC) is a type of RNA chemical modifications reported to regulate diverse biological processes. However, the distribution and biological functions of mC in E.

Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis From Individuals at Clinical High-Risk: A Quantile Regression.

Background And Hypothesis: The time taken for an individual who is at the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage to transition to full-blown psychosis may vary from months to years. This temporal aspect, known as the timeframe for conversion to psychosis (TCP), is a crucial but relatively underexplored dimension of psychosis development.

Study Design: The sample consisted of 145 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed transition to psychosis within this period.

Asymmetric total synthesis of polycyclic xanthenes and discovery of a WalK activator active against MRSA.

The development of new antibiotics continues to pose challenges, particularly considering the growing threat of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structurally diverse natural products provide a promising source of antibiotics. Herein, we outline a concise approach for the collective asymmetric total synthesis of polycyclic xanthene myrtucommulone D and five related congeners.

Distribution of self-reported borderline personality disorder traits symptoms in a large-scale clinical population.

Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits play a crucial role in the prognosis of psychiatric disorders, as well as in assessing risks associated with negativity and impulsivity. However, there is a lack of data regarding the distribution characteristics of BPD traits and symptoms within clinical populations.

Methods: A total of 3015 participants (1321 males, 1694 females) were consecutively sampled from outpatients at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.

Comprehensive review of multidimensional biomarkers in the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program for early psychosis identification.

Psychosis is recognized as one of the largest contributors to nonfatal health loss, and early identification can largely improve routine clinical activity by predicting the psychotic course and guiding treatment. Clinicians have used the clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm to better understand the risk factors that contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical factors have been widely applied to calculate the individualized risks for conversion to psychosis 1-2 years later.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases exacerbated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （2024, Chengdu）].

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research.

Cognitive Impairments in Drug-Naive Patients With First-Episode Negative Symptom-Dominant Psychosis.

Importance: Available antipsychotic medications are predominantly used to treat positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, treating negative and cognitive symptoms, which are closely related to functional outcomes, remains a challenge.

Objective: To explore the cognitive characteristics of patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) psychosis.

Sex Differences in Personality Disorder and Childhood Maltreatment of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Despite numerous studies investigating personality disorder (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) characteristics in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), there remains a scarcity of research focusing on sex differences in PD and CM within large samples of SZ patients.

Methods: A total of 592 participants (257 males, 335 females) were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with SZ at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. PDs were assessed using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form.