The role of lenvatinib in different types of thyroid cancer.

Introduction: Advanced and progressive thyroid cancer (TC) such as radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR-TC), presents a significant clinical challenge due to its poorer prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Lenvatinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase approved as first line for the treatment of RAIR-TC.

Evidence Acquisition: We provide a comprehensive review of lenvatinib in the management of advanced thyroid cancer including RAIR-TC, poorly differentiated (PDTC), anaplastic (ATC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Volcano-like Activity Trends in Au@Pd Catalysts: The Role of Pd Loading and Nanoparticle Size.

The addition of palladium (Pd) to preformed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) enables the formation of core-shell structures with enhanced catalytic performance in oxidation reactions. However, predicting the precise palladium content required to achieve maximum catalytic activity remains difficult based on current understanding. Herein, Pd was systematically introduced onto titania-supported Au NPs (2, 6, and 10 nm) to evaluate their performance in benzyl alcohol oxidation.

A gene expression-based approach for the precision use of hydrocortisone in septic shock patients; a secondary analysis of the ADRENAL trial.

Background: Small observational studies suggest the effect of corticosteroids in patients with vasodilatory shock vary depending on endotypes determined by gene expression. We sought to replicate these findings in a larger cohort from a randomised clinical trial.

Methods: In a cross-sectional substudy of the Adjunctive Glucocorticoid Therapy In Septic Shock (ADRENAL) trial, patients were classified as one of two immune endotypes using predefined gene expression signatures: immune adaptive-prevalent (IA-P) or immune innate-prevalent (IN-P).

Intradermal priming to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A translational research and phase I clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) when primed with systemic intradermal BCG.

Methods: Phase 1 and mechanistic longitudinal, prospective, single-blind randomized study (NCT04806178). Twenty-one non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing intravesical adjuvant BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in a teaching hospital between September 2021 and April 2023 were randomized to 0.

Optimization of multi-column chromatography for capture and polishing at high protein load.

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing reduces manufacturing costs while maintaining product quality. A key contributor to high biopharmaceutical costs, specifically monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is chromatography. Protein A ligands are usually preferred but still expensive in the manufacturing context, and batch chromatography under-utilizes the columns' capacity, compromising productivity to maintain high yields.

Nomograms versus artificial intelligence platforms: which one can better predict sentinel node positivity in melanoma patients?

Nomograms are commonly used in oncology to assist clinicians in individualized decision-making processes, such as considering sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for melanoma patients. Concurrently, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in medical predictions. This study aims to compare the predictive accuracy of nomograms and AI platforms for SNB positivity in a real-world cohort of melanoma patients.

Strawberry Tree Fruit Residue as Carbon Source Towards Sustainable Fuel Biodesulfurization by Strain 1B.

Biodesulfurization (BDS) is a clean technology that uses microorganisms to efficiently remove sulfur from recalcitrant organosulfur compounds present in fuels (fossil fuels or new-generation fuels resulting from pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction). One of the limitations of this technology is the low desulfurization rates. These result in the need for greater amounts of biocatalyst and lead to increased production costs.

Biochemical biomarker profiles of different organs of Phrynops geoffroanus freshwater turtle (Testudines, Chelidae) reveal pollutant effects from an anthropized aquatic environment.

Aquatic organisms are often exposed to various chemicals, whose individual components are likely to produce different responses within the organisms and/or interact leading to toxic effects. The Phrynops geoffroanus species ("Geoffroy's side-necked turtle", Schweigger, 1812), a freshwater turtle endemic of South America, is commonly found in polluted rivers that cross the urban area and receive domestic and industrial wastewater effluents. In order to evaluate changes in biochemical biomarker profiles in different organs (liver, heart, lung, pancreas, small and large intestines) of P.

Seasonal phenology and pollinator similarity of two species of Hohenbergia Schult. & Schult.f. (Bromelioideae: Bromeliaceae) in distinct Atlantic Forest fragments.

Evaluations of vegetative and reproductive phenology have yielded significant insights into how biotic and abiotic factors affect the phenological rhythms of plants and the impact of climate change on ecosystems. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenological patterns of vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting of H. amargosensis and H.

3D-Printed Cell-Instructive Scaffolds Based on Collagen and Sr-Doped Calcium Phosphates for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Bone defects pose a global concern due to their high prevalence. Despite the significant advances in the development of novel therapies and sustainable biomaterial solutions, these still do not perfectly address the clinical needs, in particular, the paradigm shift of personalized treatments. In this sense, marine-origin materials allied to three-dimensional (3D) printing are arising as a feasible alternative to develop innovative personalized approaches, namely, bone tissue engineering (TE).

Rapid Four-Compartment Models in Athletes Using Alternative Solutions for Body Volume and Water.

The criterion four-compartment (4C) model combines dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), deuterium dilution, and air displacement plethysmography (ADP), but its complexity limits practicality. This study aimed to externally validate a DXA-derived body volume (BV) equation (DXA-BV) and assess the accuracy of a rapid 4C model replacing deuterium dilution total body water (TBW) with bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) alongside DXA-derived BV in athletes. A total of 143 athletes (27.

The Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Brazilian Legal Amazon: Spatial Distributions and Temporal Trends (2013-2023).

Unlabelled: Malnutrition and overweight are significant public health challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In the Amazon, high rates of malnutrition and the alarming rise of obesity highlight persistent regional inequalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze spatial distributions and temporal trends of malnutrition among children under five, adults, and elderly individuals in primary healthcare services across municipalities in the Legal Amazon from 2013 to 2023.

Development of sustainable electrodes based on cobalt ferrite-decorated biochar for the voltammetric determination of paracetamol in biological fluids.

Biochars (BC) obtained from biomass residues have been highlighted in electroanalytical applications for their distinct physicochemical properties and for making the devices cheaper and sustainable. In this work, we propose the use of BC derived from forest residues of eucalyptus, decorated with cobalt ferrite (CoFeO), as a modifying agent for carbon paste electrodes aimed at the voltammetric sensing of paracetamol (PAR) in biological fluids. BC was obtained by pyrolysis (450 °C, 72 h) and then decorated with CoFeO synthesized co-precipitation.

Exploring loneliness: conceptualisation and impact in older adults.

Loneliness is a pervasive and distressing emotional experience that profoundly impacts the lives of older adults. This article explores the conceptualisation of loneliness, emphasising its subjective nature and the perceived discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. Drawing from psychological theories, loneliness is understood as an emotional response to perceived social isolation, encompassing feelings of emptiness, sadness and longing for companionship.

Cannabidiol reverses myeloperoxidase hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and reduces protein carbonyls in the hippocampus in a ketamine-induced schizophrenia rat model.

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) has limited treatment options, often with significant side effects. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-euphoric phytocannabinoid, has shown potential as a novel therapeutic option in SCZ due to antipsychotic-like, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We compared the therapeutic effects of CBD and risperidone (RISP) in a rat model of SCZ induced by sub-chronic ketamine (KET), focusing on inflammatory and oxidative stress, and behavioral phenotypes.

Novel comparative analysis and equation development for body volume estimation using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in athletes.

Background/objectives: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been suggested as an alternative method for estimating body volume (BV), a component of the reference four-compartment body composition model. This study reports the development and validation of DXA-BV, a novel DXA-derived BV equation. An additional aim was to develop an estimate of lean soft tissue density (D), a key variable in the theory-based approach, by estimating total body protein with a six-compartment model.

Regional fat mass estimation using bioelectrical impedance analysis in healthy adults.

Whole-body and regional raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters have been used to develop lean soft tissue estimation prediction models. Still, no regional fat mass (FM) assessment models have been provided. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate BIA-derived equations to predict regional FM against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy adults.

LCZ4r package R for local climate zones and urban heat islands.

The LCZ4r is a novel toolkit designed to streamline Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification and Urban Heat Island (UHI) analysis. Built on the open-source R statistical programming platform, the LCZ4r package aims to improve the usability of the LCZ framework for climate and environment researchers. The suite of LCZ4r functions is categorized into general and local functions ( https://bymaxanjos.

Exploring the integration of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice: A cross-sectional survey of EORTC healthcare professionals.

Background: Using patient reported-outcome measures (PROMs) in routine care has significant potential to benefit patients with cancer, but it is unclear how widely they are used in practice.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey (November 2023-April 2024) among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests assessed PROM use patterns, regional differences, and barriers.

Liver morphometry and histopathology effects in exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid insecticide.

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) is a pyrethroid insecticide employed to manage various arthropods as an alternative to persistent insecticides with minimized toxic effects on birds and mammals. However, LC causes oxidative and neurotoxic damages in fish . Effects of LC in morphology of liver of fishes are scare.

How Significant Are Marine Invertebrate Collagens? Exploring Trends in Research and Innovation.

This review is focused on the research, innovation and technological breakthroughs on marine invertebrate collagens and their applications. The findings reveal that research dates back to the 1970s, and after a period of reduced activity, interest in collagens from several marine invertebrate groups was renewed around 2008, likely driven by the increased commercial interest in these biomolecules of marine origin. Research and development are predominantly reported from China and Japan, highlighting significant research interest in cnidarians (jellyfish), echinoderms (sea cucumbers, sea urchins and starfish), molluscs (squid and cuttlefish) and sponges.

Reassessing the Role of Morning Cortisol in Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis: Insights from a Multicentric Cohort.

The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. Measuring 8 AM serum cortisol levels is a common screening test, but its accuracy in predicting AI remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of basal morning cortisol levels in suspected AI cases and compare them with levels in healthy individuals.

Pollen and Stigma Morphology, Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Wittmackia Species (Bromeliaceae) by Light, Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The genus Wittmackia has 44 species distributed in two centers of diversity: the Brazilian clade and the Caribbean clade. The Brazilian clade includes 29 species, with geographic distribution concentrated in the Northeast of Brazil. This study reports the morphology, ultrastructure, pollen viability and stigma receptivity by different microscopy techniques of 23 species of the genus Wittmackia endemic to Brazil and occurring in Atlantic Forest areas.