Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of tuberculosis in Vietnam: Insights from a local-area analysis.

Spatial analysis and disease mapping have the potential to enhance understanding of tuberculosis (TB) dynamics, whose spatial dynamics may be complicated by the mix of short and long-range transmission and long latency periods. TB notifications in Nam Dinh Province for individuals aged 15 and older from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed with a variety of spatio-temporal methods. The study commenced with an analysis of spatial autocorrelation to identify clustering patterns, followed by the evaluation of several candidate Bayesian spatio-temporal models.

Mobile Phone Usage and Willingness to Use Mobile Phones to Support Medication Adherence and Receive Text Message Appointment Reminders in Older Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Information technology can be used to improve the management of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the willingness of older outpatients with type 2 diabetes to use mobile phones to support medication adherence and receive text message appointment reminders and investigated the factors associated with this willingness.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient department of Dong Da General Hospital.

Tobacco retail availability and smoking-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Issues: Health policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence-based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco-related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours.

Distance education project of English idioms learning from watching YouTube.

Idioms have been recognized to be commonly adopted by academic practitioners in their speech and writing. However, despite their common occurrence in English communication, idioms pose great challenges for non-native English speakers, as they are often ignored in English classrooms. Particularly in Vietnam, a minimal number of idioms appear in English textbooks published by the Ministry of Education, and teachers appeared to under-emphasize English idioms' usefulness in conversation.

Assessment of availability, readiness, and challenges for scaling-up hypertension management services at primary healthcare facilities, Central Highland region, Vietnam, 2020.

Introduction: Vietnam aims for 95% of commune health stations (CHSs) to have functional hypertension management programs by 2025. However, limited resources may impede the Central Highland region health system from achieving this goal. We assessed the availability and readiness of hypertension management services at CHSs in the Central Highland region and identified challenges to facilitate evidence-based planning.

Barriers and facilitators to more timely treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage across two tertiary referral centres in Australia: A thematic analysis.

Background: Delays in treatment of aSAH appear to be common but the causes are not well understood. We explored facilitators and barriers to timely treatment of aSAH.

Methods: We used a multiple case study with cases of aSAH surviving> 1 day identified prospectively.

Identifying lower limb problems and the types of safety footwear worn in the Australian wine industry: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: The Australian wine industry is a valuable part of the wider Australian economy worth approximately A$45 billion annually and employs 163,790 people either full time or part time. Australian agricultural industries are amongst the nation's most dangerous workplaces with joint, ligament, muscle and tendon injuries being commonplace along with wounds, lacerations and musculoskeletal diseases. It is therefore important to try and minimise the risk of injuries to workers.

The Contribution of Digital Health in the Response to Covid-19 in Vietnam.

Emerging from early of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most serious health crisis globally. In response to such threat, a wide range of digital health applications has been deployed in Vietnam to strengthen surveillance, risk communication, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Digital health has brought enormous benefits to the fight against COVID-19, however, numerous constrains in digital health application remain.

Time and predictors of time to treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH): a systematic review.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious form of stroke, for which rapid access to specialist neurocritical care is associated with better outcomes. Delays in the treatment of aSAH appear to be common and may contribute to poor outcomes. We have a limited understanding of the extent and causes of these delays, which hinders the development of interventions to reduce delays and improve outcomes.

Attributable Causes of Cancer in Vietnam.

Purpose: Vietnam is undergoing rapid socio-economic transition with an increasing cancer burden. The contribution of modifiable risk factors to cancers in Vietnam has not been studied. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the attributable causes of cancer in Vietnam.

Paddy soil geochemistry, uptake of trace elements by rice grains (Oryza sativa) and resulting health risks in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam.

Soil geochemistry and phytoavailable trace elements were investigated in 80 paddy soil samples and corresponding rice grains from the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam. Soil parameters like Fe-, Al-, and Mn-phases, organic matter, and pH-value determine element concentrations in soil and affect their transfer into rice grains. Arsenic exceeded the allowed limit for Vietnamese agricultural soils in 11% of the samples, presumably caused by natural processes.

Harmful and nutrient elements in paddy soils and their transfer into rice grains (Oryza sativa) along two river systems in northern and central Vietnam.

Thirty soil samples and 24 corresponding unpolished rice samples along the Red and Huong Rivers in northern and central Vietnam respectively, were analyzed in order to evaluate (a) soil geochemistry, (b) factors that determine the transfer of harmful and nutrient elements from soils into rice grains, (c) health risk to the local population through rice consumption. The concentrations of As, Bi, and U in the soils of this area are higher relative to those of average shale probably due to natural redox-related processes. Also, Zn, Ce, Th, La, Sn, Pb, and Cd are accumulated in some soils because of mining activities or industrial wastewater application.

Role of the CYP3A4-mediated 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid pathway in the development of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) production via cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases closely correlates with the progression of breast cancer. However, its role in the development of chemoresistant breast cancers has yet to be elucidated. Here, we found that CYP3A4 expression and its epoxy-product, 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) was enhanced in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) breast cancer cells compared to control MCF-7 cells.

Activation of CDK4 Triggers Development of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multiple step process. Here, we show that activation of cdk4 triggers the development of NAFLD. We found that cdk4 protein levels are elevated in mouse models of NAFLD and in patients with fatty livers.

5-Fluorouracil adjuvant chemotherapy does not increase survival in patients with CpG island methylator phenotype colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy does not increase survival times of patients with colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability. We determined the response of patients with colorectal tumors with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to 5-FU-based therapy.

Methods: We analyzed a population-based cohort of 302 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) for a median follow-up time of 50.

Microsatellite instability among individuals of Hispanic origin with colorectal cancer.

Background: Although the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may have implications for prognosis, therapy, and family counseling, to the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of MSI has not been well described among individuals of Hispanic origin with CRC residing in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using a hospital-based tumor registry to identify individuals of Hispanic origin who were diagnosed with CRC was conducted. Clinical data and tumor samples were retrieved.

De novo constitutional MLH1 epimutations confer early-onset colorectal cancer in two new sporadic Lynch syndrome cases, with derivation of the epimutation on the paternal allele in one.

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome classically caused by germline mutations of the mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Constitutional epimutations of the MLH1 gene, characterized by soma-wide methylation of a single allele of the promoter and allelic transcriptional silencing, have been identified in a subset of Lynch syndrome cases lacking a sequence mutation in MLH1. We report two individuals with no family history of colorectal cancer who developed that disease at age 18 and 20 years.

Aberrant DNA methylation in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer without mismatch repair deficiency.

Background & Aims: Approximately half of the families that fulfill Amsterdam criteria for Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) do not have evidence of the germline mismatch repair gene mutations that define this syndrome and result in microsatellite instability (MSI). The carcinogenic pathways and the best diagnostic approaches to detect microsatellite stable (MSS) HNPCC tumors are unclear. We investigated the contribution of epigenetic alterations to the development of MSS HNPCC tumors.

Genetic instability caused by loss of MutS homologue 3 in human colorectal cancer.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. High levels of MSI at mononucleotide and dinucleotide repeats in colorectal cancer (CRC) are attributed to inactivation of the MMR genes, hMLH1 and hMSH2. CRC with low levels of MSI (MSI-L) exists; however, its molecular basis is unclear.