Low-density neutrophils: A critical component in understanding the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumour microenvironment is one of the evading research studies in the progression of cancers. Circulating neutrophil's contribution to tumor growth and metastatic progression has been a matter of research interest. The phenotypic subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) has been seen as closely associated with disease severity in various cancers.

Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its constituents in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral precancer.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma shows increased occurrence in those who consume tobacco products, alcohol, betel quid, and areca nut, and is also considered to occur due to genetic alteration. Though there are numerous advancements in treatment, survival remains a question with late diagnosis. Hence, there are continuous inventions of new drugs.

Novel role of CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes in oral submucous fibrosis development and its malignant transformation.

Background: Telocytes are interstitial cells widely distributed in the extracellular matrix of numerous tissues distinguished by their long, thin, and moniliform projections. Telocytes have a role in the stimulation of angiogenesis and contribute to the development and progression of fibrosis.

Aim: The current study aimed to assess and compare the telocyte distribution in normal mucosa, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and OSCC associated with OSF (OSCCOSF).

Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Keratocyst: Report of Nine Cases with Review of Literature.

Formerly believed to be a subtype of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), a rare developing odontogenic cyst, is now believed to be distinct. The clinical, radiographic, histological data are included in this report, along with a review of the literature to aid in comprehending the cyst. A retrospective search in the oral pathology department between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to recover all cases reported as OOC in SRM Dental College, Ramapuram.

Ganglion cyst of temporomandibular joint - A systematic review.

Ganglion cyst of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon pathology with uncertain etiology. There is no consensus on their management. The current systematic review aimed to discuss the clinical and histopathological features of ganglion cysts of TMJ, to aid in appropriate treatment.

Salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in betel quid chewers, pan masala chewers with or without tobacco and tobacco smokers: A comparative study using head space gas chromatography.

Background: Acetaldehyde, a natural by-product of combustion and photo-oxidation, has been detected at low levels in cigarette smoke. Various literature studies have shown increased salivary acetaldehyde production among smokers and heavy drinkers.

Aim: The present investigation was performed to estimate the salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in pan masala chewers (with or without tobacco), betel quid chewers and tobacco smokers.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Non-Tobacco Associated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals Deregulation of Cytoskeletal and Apoptotic Proteins.

Background: The exact etiology of non-tobacco associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (NT-OSCC) is still unknown. The lack of established biomarkers for oral NT-OSCC has resulted in less effective management and poor prognosis. Here, we report for the first time a panel of potential markers identified from the quantitative proteomic analysis of NT-OSCC using two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis (2D-GE) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight (MALDI-TOF) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and further analysis using protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) database.

Analysis of Metabolic Regulators PGC1-α and PGC1-β in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with and without Hyperglycemia.

Aim: To assess the expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β in Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the presence and absence of hyperglycemia.

Materials And Methods: Fresh tissue samples were collected from 14 well differentiated OSCC patients with hyperglycemia, 14 OSCC patients without hyperglycemia  and 14 healthy controls and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to assess expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β. The relative gene expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β was calculated using the double delta Ct method.

Diagnosing oral lesions in immunocompromised individuals: A case report with a review of literature.

Oral lesions are often the first tell-tale sign for human immunodeficiency virus infections (HIV). Numerous oral lesions have been associated with HIV infections, some lesions such as candidiasis being more common than others. Regular oral screening can aid in identifying such lesions allowing for the early diagnosis of HIV and help in monitoring the progression of HIV in such individuals.

Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) Harbour Bacterial Populations with Potential for Oral Carcinogenicity.

Introduction: Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) vary significantly in their carcinogenicity, a feature accredited to the variation in the concentrations of carcinogenic chemicals. Tobacco associated bacteria are known to produce Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and hence are determinants of TSNA levels in Tobacco. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a microbiological survey of STPs and to provide a baseline information of the bacterial communities present in the STPs.

Dentin degradonomics - The potential role of salivary MMP-8 in dentin caries.

Background: Dentin caries involves dissolution of minerals which eventually leads to degradation of organic matrix. This degradation which was thought to be by bacterial proteases is now considered to be orchestrated by endogenous collagenases such as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). This paper aims to estimate the salivary levels of MMP-8 in dental caries and also to asses the various risk factors that contribute to the formation of dental caries.

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of and extracts on , species and : An study.

Introduction: The Ayurvedic system of medicine is popular in India and has gone through various change and remains as the mainstay of medical relief to a large population. Dental caries is the one of the major issue in the recent time, and there is no definite caries prevention method so far apart from Topical fluoride application, regular oral hygiene measures, pit and fissure sealants and diet measure. In spite of the above mentioned preventive measures the people are still prone to dental caries.

Diagnostic Utility of Cytology in Assessment of Ploidy Status in Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders.

Introduction: Oral leukoplakia, the most common potentially malignant oral disorder (PMOD) may progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although, the current standard of care for assessing its malignant potential remains histological examination and assessing the severity of dysplasia, DNA ploidy analysis has been suggested as a surrogate marker to predict the behaviour of PMODs.

Objectives: To detect aneuploidy and to correlate ploidy status with different grades of dysplasia in both tissue and cytology samples to predict the behaviour of these potentially malignant disorders and to assess the diagnostic utility of cytology samples for ploidy analysis.

Chondroblastic and fibroblastic osteosarcoma of the jaws: Report of two cases and review of literature.

This study aims to report of two variants of gnathic osteosarcoma with highlights on the varied histopathological presentation of osteosarcomas (OS). OS present with diverse histological appearances. Despite significant advances in molecular pathogenesis and biomarkers, clinicopathologic correlation is still considered as the important criteria in diagnosis.

Salivary and Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Oral Premalignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnostic Value and Clinicopathologic Correlations.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic utility of serum and salivary interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the differential diagnosis of potentially malignant lesions and conditions (PMLs/PMCs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a high oral cancer prevalence region. Methods: After appropriate ethical clearance and informed consent, salivary and blood samples were collected from 100 participants in each group (OSCC, PMLs, and healthy controls). Serum and salivary IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.

Primary intraoral granulocytic sarcoma: A rare case presenting as generalized gingival enlargement.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extremely rare condition involving infiltration of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells in an extramedullary site. It is also known as chloroma, myeloid sarcoma or extramedullary myeloid tumor. It usually occurs concomitantly with acute myelogenous leukemia or with the onset of blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Dental fluorosis: A histological study using Light and Confocal microscopy.

Aims: To observe and characterize the histological features of fluorosed teeth under light and confocal microscope (CFM).

Materials And Methods: A total of 25 fluorosed teeth and 5 normal teeth were collected from dentists across Dindigul, a known endemic area of fluorosis in South India. Ground sections of respective teeth were observed under light microscope and the sections were subsequently stained with acridine orange and studied under CFM.

Oral mucocutaneous lesions - a comparative clinicopathological and immunofluorescence study.

Background: Oral mucosa is often affected by many diseases including mucocutaneous disorders. The diagnoses of these disorders are primarily based on history, clinical features, and histopathology. For the past few years' immunofluorescence techniques emerged as an important tool to study the pathogenesis and in the diagnosis of oral mucocutaneous and vesiculobullous disorders.

Rhinosporidiosis presenting as a facial swelling: a case report.

Rhinosporidiosis caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi is a fungal infection, which affects chiefly the mucus membranes of the nose, oropharynx, and nasopharynx, as well as the larynx, skin, eyes, and genital mucosa. Soil and water act as a reservoir for the organism. Here, we present a case of Rhinosporidiosis, which clinically manifested as a facial swelling indicating that fungal infections should also be considered as one of the differential diagnoses whenever facial swellings are encountered.

Evaluation and Comparison of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression between Ameloblastoma and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor.

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with an aggressive clinical behavior suggesting a change in its terminology from a cyst to a tumor and has now been renamed as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The purpose of this study was to assess and compare angiogenesis in ameloblastoma and OKC.

Materials And Methods: Angiogenesis was assessed by studying the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).