Selective Enhancement of the Optical Chirality and Spin Angular Momentum in Plasmonic Near-Fields.

The interaction between circularly polarized (CP) light and matter is governed by two fundamental quantities: spin angular momentum (SAM) and optical chirality (OC). While these quantities are inseparable in free space, they can be selectively enhanced in plasmonic near-field regions through appropriately designed structures. We demonstrate that the excitation of circular plasmonic nanostructures with CP light enables the selective or simultaneous enhancement of the SAM and OC through the excitation of rotating plasmon modes.

Exploring the capabilities of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder: Dynamic causal modeling of the neural network.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been utilized to manage treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Understanding the biological basis of rTMS treatment in MDD is crucial for enhancing its clinical efficacy. Numerous brain regions functionally connected to the left DLPFC have been identified as a critical role in the pathophysiology of MDD, highlighting the significance of alterations in these neural circuits.

Intravenous Lobular Capillary Hemangioma in the Renal Vein Mimicking Renal Cancer.

Introduction: Lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign tumor that commonly occurs in the skin and mucous membranes. A lobular capillary hemangioma that occurs within blood vessels is called intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma. In this report, we report the fifth case of intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma originating from a renal vessel.

Sarcoid-Like Reaction (SLR) Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are useful in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. ICIs have been associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), one of which is a sarcoid-like reaction (SLR). SLR is often difficult to distinguish from cancer progression.

A case of ulcerative colitis in a patient undergoing surgery due to exacerbation resulting in toxic megacolon after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

We herein report a case involving a patient with quiescent ulcerative colitis (UC) in long-term clinical remission whose condition rapidly worsened after receiving a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, leading to colectomy due to toxic megacolon. The patient received the fifth dose of the Spikevax (mRNA-1273) vaccine and experienced a severe flare-up of UC 6 days later. Pathologic findings of the surgical specimens were consistent with severe active UC concomitant with cytomegalovirus infection.

Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia Due to Severe Polyarteritis Nodosa.

A delayed diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa may lead to critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). A 74-year-old woman presented with left-foot pain and was treated with oral vasodilators and antiplatelet agents. However, the distal ischemia progressed to CLTI, including gangrene of the fingers and toes, and bilateral foot dropping appeared because of peroneal nerve paralysis.

The effect of multiband sequences on statistical outcome measures in functional magnetic resonance imaging using a gustatory stimulus.

Recent technical developments have led to the invention of multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequences that allow for faster sampling rates. However, some studies have highlighted problems with these sequences, leading to a decreased temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR). In addition, this temporal noise may interfere with detecting reward-related responses in mesolimbic regions.

Aberrant brain dynamics in individuals with clinical high risk of psychosis.

Background: Resting-state network (RSN) functional connectivity analyses have profoundly influenced our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychoses and their clinical high risk (CHR) states. However, conventional RSN analyses address the static nature of large-scale brain networks. In contrast, novel methodological approaches aim to assess the momentum state and temporal dynamics of brain network interactions.

Evaluation of Phosphorus Enrichment in Groundwater by Legacy Phosphorus in Orchard Soils with High Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity Using Phosphate Oxygen Isotope Analysis.

Long-term phosphorus (P) fertilization results in P accumulation in agricultural soil and increases the risk of P leaching into water bodies. However, evaluating P leaching into groundwater is challenging, especially in clay soil with a high P sorption capacity. This study examined whether the combination of PO oxygen isotope (δO) analysis and the P saturation ratio (PSR) was useful to identify P enrichment mechanisms in groundwater.

Correlation between frailty and reduction in cortical thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Physical inactivity and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lead to frailty and poor prognoses. However, little is known regarding the association between frailty and the human brain. We hypothesized that the brain structure could change according to frailty in patients with COPD and focused on cortical thickness.

Aberrant brain dynamics of large-scale functional networks across schizophrenia and mood disorder.

Introduction: The dynamics of large-scale networks, which are known as distributed sets of functionally synchronized brain regions and include the visual network (VIN), somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), salience network (SAN), limbic network (LIN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and default mode network (DMN), play important roles in emotional and cognitive processes in humans. Although disruptions in these large-scale networks are considered critical for the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, their role in psychiatric disorders remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the aberrant dynamics across large-scale networks in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and mood disorders.

Effects of plasmon coupling on circular dichroism of chiral nanoparticle arrays.

Arrays and ensembles of chiral nanostructures have potential applications in the field of enantioselective sensors, metamaterials, and metasurfaces. In particular, chiral nanostructures fabricated through chemical and bottom-up approaches have attracted much attention from the viewpoint of cost and scalability, but the heterogeneity of the unit nanostructure constituting the array or ensemble often deteriorates its chiroptical responses. Here, we report that their deteriorated responses can be recovered or even enhanced further by interparticle plasmon coupling.

Distinctive alterations in the mesocorticolimbic circuits in various psychiatric disorders.

Aim: Increasing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are linked to alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine-related circuits. However, the common and disease-specific alterations remain to be examined in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, this study aimed to examine common and disease-specific features related to mesocorticolimbic circuits.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase increases cellobiohydrolases activity by promoting decrystallization of cellulose surface.

Efficient depolymerization of crystalline cellulose requires cooperation between multiple cellulolytic enzymes. Through biochemical approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and single-molecule observations using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), we quantify and track synergistic activity for cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) with a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from . Increasing concentrations of LPMO (AA9D) increased the activity of a glycoside hydrolase family 6 CBH, Cel6A, whereas the activity of a family 7 CBH (Cel7D) was enhanced only at lower concentrations of AA9D.

Structural connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical/subcortical area relates to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia but not in mood disorders.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders is a challenge to be overcome in order to maintain patients' quality of life and social function. The neurological pathogenesis of cognitive impairment requires further elucidation. In general, the hippocampus interacts between the cortical and subcortical areas for information processing and consolidation and has an important role in memory.

A new sampling method with zirconium-loaded resin for phosphate oxygen isotope analysis in oligotrophic freshwater systems.

Rationale: The phosphate oxygen isotope ratio ( ) is a useful technique to trace the sources and biogeochemical cycles of phosphorus (P) in aquatic ecosystems. However, has not been widely used in oligotrophic freshwater systems due to technical and methodological difficulties in collecting sufficient phosphate (PO ) for the analysis, which sometimes requires hundreds of liters of the water sample. In this study, a new approach (PaS-Zir) was developed for the analysis in oligotrophic freshwater systems using zirconium (Zr)-loaded (ZrIRC) resin, which has a high affinity for PO .

A new method for phosphate purification for oxygen isotope ratio analysis in freshwater and soil extracts using solid-phase extraction with zirconium-loaded resin.

Rationale: Phosphate (PO ) oxygen isotope (δ O ) analysis is increasingly applied to elucidate phosphorus cycling. Due to its usefulness, analytical methods continue to be developed and improved to increase processing efficiency and applicability to various sample types. A new pretreatment procedure to obtain clean Ag PO using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with zirconium-loaded resin (ZrME), which can selectively adsorb PO , is presented and evaluated here.

Assessment of long-term phosphorus budget changes influenced by anthropogenic factors in a coastal catchment of Osaka Bay.

Phosphorus usage is irreplaceable in agriculture; however, its excessive use leads to wastage of invaluable resources and significant soil surplus. Agronomic soil phosphorus surplus in Asian regions has a much higher level than the global average. And with rapid urbanization and population growth in the recent decades, Asian countries have seen a rise in environmental pollution levels also.

Visualization of nano-localized and delocalized oxidation sites for plasmon-induced charge separation.

Oxidation reaction sites for plasmon-induced charge separation at Au nanocubes on TiO2 were visualized on the basis of deposition and dissolution reactions. For Pb2+ oxidation, PbO2 was deposited selectively at resonance sites of the nanocube, while oxidation polymerization of pyrrole to polypyrrole and oxidative dissolution of Au took place over the entire nanocube surface. The localized and delocalized reaction sites are explained in terms of a relationship between oxidation potentials of the electron donors and potentials of the entire nanocube and localized holes.

Transarterial Interventional Therapy for Non-functioning Hemodialysis Access.

Transarterial vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) for non-functioning hemodialysis access has advantages over the venous approach because natural venous outflow through the fistula as well as the stump at the fistula site in total occlusion can be observed, and most strictures and/or occlusions can be treated via one access route. The brachial arterial approach is essential, but the radial arterial approach at the wrist is also necessary for certain patients. The transarterial approach can be applied to all VAIVTs; however, additional venous access is necessary in cases requiring a large device and those with unsuccessful traversal of the occluded segment via the arterial route.

Intraoperative Bile Duct Disruption Treated Using Intrahepatic Biliary Ablation with Ethanol: A Report of Two Cases.

We report two cases of intraoperative bile duct disruption. In case 1, an isolated bile duct in the remnant of the anterosuperior liver segment after right hepatic lobectomy for cholangiocarcinoma caused bile leakage. In case 2, bile leakage continued from a disrupted accessory hepatic duct during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma.