Establishing best practices guidelines for collaborative research in global surgery: developing a Delphi survey.

Background: Collaborative research in global surgery has resulted in the rapid development of the field via knowledge creation and dissemination, research capacity building, and direct improvements in the delivery of clinical care. Yet the establishment and maintenance of trans-boundary collaborations carries significant risk to health systems, clinicians, patients, and researchers, particularly if such collaborations are not developed thoughtfully and with appropriate guardrails. In recent years, there has been significant growth in the literature on the pervasiveness and impact of neocolonialism on global health research.

Acute obstruction from adult left-sided Bochdalek hernia: a rare surgical emergency.

A diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal contents to enter the chest cavity due to negative intra-thoracic pressure. Diaphragmatic hernias can be acquired (iatrogenic and traumatic), congenital (Morgni hernia, Bochdalek hernia), or hiatal hernia. Bochdalek's hernia (BH) seldom affects adults and usually affects the left side.

Treading the unusual path: a rare case of fistula-in-ano extending up to thigh.

The perianal region is typically the site of a fistula-in-ano tract's opening, though this is not always the case. Complex fistulas are therefore very difficult to treat and frequently the cause of recurrence. This article describes a unique fistula-in-ano that extended posteriorly to the mid-thigh and was successfully treated with multiple modalities and secondary healing.

A Study of Cadaveric Skin Graft Harvest and Usage: An Observational Prospective Pilot Study.

Background Burn injuries pose a significant global public health challenge, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Timely and effective wound coverage is critical in treating severe burns to prevent infection, reduce pain, and promote healing. Cadaveric skin grafts (allografts) have become essential in treating extensive burn wounds, serving as temporary biological dressings to prepare the wound bed for autografting.

Plexiform's perplexities: a tale of two plexiform neurofibromas.

Plexiform neurofibroma (PF) is a rare benign variant belonging to a subtype of neurofibromatosis type 1 that forms bulging or deforming masses arising from the peripheral nerve sheath. These masses involve surrounding connective tissue or dermal layers, leading to multiple cutaneous changes and certain characteristic appearances. It is these appearances that aid in the diagnosis of PF.

Early Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital: A Case Report.

Tropical chronic pancreatitis represents a variant of chronic calcific non-alcoholic pancreatitis, typically found in adolescents and young adults, predominantly in developing nations. This condition usually presents as a classic triad of recurrent and severe abdominal pain, diabetes, and steatorrhea. As the disease progresses and diabetes develops, it is called fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.

Efficacy in Predicting Negative Appendectomy Rates in Operated Acute Appendicitis Patients Using the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) Score Versus Modified Alvarado Score.

Introduction Acute appendicitis is the commonest abdominal surgical emergency globally. The most accepted management of acute appendicitis is surgical, either open or laparoscopic appendectomy. Overlapping clinical presentations with many genitourinary and gynecological conditions lead to difficulty in accurate diagnosis, making negative appendectomies an unwanted reality.

The Role of the Mannheim Peritonitis Index for Predicting Outcomes in Patients With Perforation Peritonitis in a Rural Hospital in India.

Introduction Acute secondary peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation is a life-threatening surgical condition with significant morbidity and mortality, depending on the severity with outcomes that differ in the Western and developing world. Various scoring systems have been developed to assess the severity and its relation to morbidity and mortality. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of the Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) in predicting outcomes in perforation peritonitis patients in a rural hospital in India.

Techniques for Diagnosing Anastomotic Leaks Intraoperatively in Colorectal Surgeries: A Review.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common surgically curable malignancies worldwide, having a good prognosis even with liver metastasis. This improved patient outcome is marred by anastomotic leaks (AL) in operated patients of colorectal cancer despite a microscopically margin-negative resection (R0). Various risk factors have been attributed to causing this.

Endometrial Cyst Presenting as a Vague Abdominal Lump in a Postmenopausal Woman.

A postmenopausal woman presented with a predominantly right-sided abdominal lump, insidious in onset and not associated with any aggravating or relieving factors. Physical examination revealed a soft cystic mass extending from the right hypochondrium to the right iliac fossa region crossing the midline. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis showed a large cystic anechoic area noted in the abdomen extending from the epigastric region to the pelvis.

A cross-sectional study to evaluate teaching skills of postgraduate medical students using component skill approach in microteaching.

Background: Microteaching is a teacher training technique where a teachers get a constructive feedback from peer or faculty in order to improve their teaching skills. Microteaching is conducted at the departmental level. By evaluating the components of microteaching, better teaching skills can be developed in postgraduate (PG) students.

Magnitude and gender-specific circumstances of depression among elderly population residing in an Urban slum area of a City in Maharashtra: A mixed-method study.

The burden of geriatric mental health in India is showing a silent epidemic trend, but the knowledge on spectrum of their mental well-being dwelling in slums is very trivial. This mixed-method study aimed to estimate the proportion of depression among elderly and to find out the gender-specific circumstances, leading to depression. A total of 209 subjects selected through multistage sampling from an urban slum in a city of Maharashtra were interviewed for estimating depression, and six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to explore the circumstances.

A study to assess the effect of stressful life events on psychological distress levels of participants living in an urban area.

Context: Stressful life events affect the psychological wellbeing of individuals. Through this study, we aim to understand this effect and various other factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of the study participants.

Aims: To determine the vulnerability of study participants to psychological distress following stressful life events.

Homozygosity mapping guided next generation sequencing to identify the causative genetic variation in inherited retinal degenerative diseases.

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disease of which retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) are the most common and severe type. In our study we had taken three unrelated South Indian consanguineous IRD families. Homozygosity mapping was done using Affymetrix 250K Nsp1 GeneChip in each of LCA, Cone-Rod dystrophy (CRD) and autosomal recessive RP (arRP) families followed by targeted re-sequencing by next generation sequencing (NGS) on Illumina MiSeq.

Involvement of S. cerevisiae Rpb4 in subset of pathways related to transcription elongation.

Yeast Rpb4, a subunit of RNA pol II is not essential for viability but is involved in multiple cellular phenotypes such as temperature sensitivity, enhanced pseudohyphal morphology, and decreased sporulation. Both in vivo and in vitro studies strongly support involvement of Rpb4 in transcription initiation, while its role in transcription elongation is not entirely consistent. Here we show that Rpb4 is not required for recruitment of RNA pol II on the coding region of YLR454w, a representative long gene.

Evaluating real-time syndromic surveillance signals from ambulatory care data in four states.

Objectives: We evaluated a real-time ambulatory care-based syndromic surveillance system in four metropolitan areas of the United States.

Methods: Health-care organizations and health departments in California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Texas participated during 2007-2008. Syndromes were defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes in electronic medical records.

RAM pathway contributes to Rpb4 dependent pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Rpb4, a subunit of RNA Polymerase II plays an important role in various stress responses in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In response to nitrogen starvation, diploid yeast undergoes a dimorphic transition to filamentous pseudohyphal growth, which is regulated through cAMP-PKA and MAP kinase pathway. In the present study, we show that disruption of Rpb4 leads to enhanced pseudohyphal growth, which is independent of nutritional status.

Investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission aboard the U.S.S. Ronald Reagan, 2006.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in a sailor aboard the U.S.S.