Metabolic Adaptations in Phosphine-Resistant Tribolium castaneum Driven by Mitochondrial Enzyme Variability and Gene Expression.

Phosphine fumigation is essential for controlling storage pests like Tribolium castaneum, but its frequent application has resulted in resistance, primarily due to mutations in the Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) gene associated with the rph2 allele. This study demonstrates that the Patiala population exhibits homozygous resistance variations across populations, contrasting with the susceptibility observed in laboratory cultures. Our assessment of mitochondrial DLD and Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities showed significantly elevated levels in the Patiala population, with increases of approximately sevenfold for DLD and 6.

Revealing the Role of CYP346 Family Genes on Phosphine Resistance in Indian Populations of .

Background: Phosphine resistance in challenges grain storage. This study investigates the impact of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and CYP346 family genes on phosphine resistance in Indian Tribolium castaneum populations.

Methods: Seven field populations of were compared with Lab- susceptible population for their resistance to phosphine.

Novel moisture retaining dustable powder containing effectively controls damage of subterranean termite in wheat and chickpea.

The application of biocontrol agents in farm operations for pest control programs is gaining priority and preference globally. Effective delivery, infectivity of the biocontrol agents, and quality shelf-life products containing these bioagents are vital parameters responsible for the success of biopesticides under field conditions. In the present study, moisture-retaining bio-insecticidal dustable powder formulation (SaP) of () infective juveniles (IJs) was developed and assessed for its shelf life, physicochemical profile, and bio-efficacy against subterranean termite under field conditions.

Ecological engineering in low land rice for brown plant hopper, (Stål) management.

Rice field bunds and edges can act as near crop habitats, available for planting flowering plants to attract and conserve the natural enemies. We evaluated the effect of ecological engineering on the incidence of Brown Planthopper (BPH), (Stål) (Hemiptera; Delphacidae) and the abundance of its predators in the rice variety Pusa Basmati-1121. Plots included the oilseed crops .

Current status of phosphine resistance in Indian field populations of Tribolium castaneum and its influence on antioxidant enzyme activities.

Resistance to phosphine is widely reported in several stored product insect pests globally. However, knowledge of its prevalence and the association of antioxidant enzymes with phosphine resistance is limited. Herein, we assessed the levels of phosphine susceptibility and estimated the antioxidant enzyme activities viz.

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic frequency of phosphine resistance in select field populations of Tribolium castaneum from India.

Background: Tribolium castaneum causes substantial damage to stored grains, leading to economic losses. The present study evaluates phosphine resistance in adult and larval stages of T. castaneum from north and northeast India, where continuous and long-term phosphine use in large-scale storage conditions intensifies resistance, posing risks to grain quality, safety, and industry profitability.

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Spotted Stem Borer, Chilo partellus, to Sex Pheromone Components and Their Blends.

The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major insect pest of maize and sorghum crops during the rainy season. The pheromone released by adult virgin females has been reported to consist of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) as major component and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16OH) as minor component. The latter has been reported to reduce the efficiency of major component to trap the male moths.

A CRISPR way for accelerating cereal crop improvement: Progress and challenges.

Humans rely heavily on cereal grains as a key source of nutrients, hence regular improvement of cereal crops is essential for ensuring food security. The current food crisis at the global level is due to the rising population and harsh climatic conditions which prompts scientists to develop smart resilient cereal crops to attain food security. Cereal crop improvement in the past generally depended on imprecise methods like random mutagenesis and conventional genetic recombination which results in high off targeting risks.

Dynamic changes in virus-induced volatiles in cotton modulate the orientation and oviposition behavior of the whitefly .

Manipulation of insect vector behavior by virus-induced plant volatiles is well known. But how the viral disease progression alters the plant volatiles and its effect on vector behavior remains less explored. Our studies tracked changes in volatile profile in progressive infection stages of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) infected plants and their effect on behavior.

Insecticide susceptibility vis-à-vis molecular variations in geographical populations of fall armyworm, (J.E. smith) in India.

Unlabelled: In an emergency response to the introduction, subsequent detection and rapid spread of the invasive insect pest fall armyworm (FAW), (J.E. Smith) in the country, Government of India offered ad approval for few pesticide molecules namely, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, novaluron, thiodicarb, and λ-cyhalothrin for FAW management in corn crop across the country.

Unraveling Microbial Volatile Elicitors Using a Transparent Methodology for Induction of Systemic Resistance and Regulation of Antioxidant Genes at Expression Levels in Chili against Bacterial Wilt Disease.

Microbial volatiles benefit the agricultural ecological system by promoting plant growth and systemic resistance against diseases without harming the environment. To explore the plant growth-promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by PDS1 and KA9 in terms of chili plant growth and its biocontrol efficiency against , experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A closure assembly was designed using a half-inverted plastic bottle to demonstrate plant-microbial interactions via volatile compounds.

The induced knockdown of GmCAD receptor protein encoding gene in Galleria mellonella decreased the insect susceptibility to a Photorhabdus akhurstii oral toxin.

bacteria secrete a repertoire of protein toxins that can kill the host insect. Among them, toxin complex (Tc) proteins have gained significant attention due to their wider conservation across the different bacterial genera. In our laboratory, a C-terminal domain of TcaB protein was characterized from bacterium that conferred the potent oral insecticidal effect on .