Preparation and applications of nanoparticles from lignocellulosic biomass: A review.

The growing demand for nanomaterials has driven interest in sustainable alternatives such as Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). As a renewable and ecofriendly resource, LCB offers great potential for producing nanomaterials through its nanostructured components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). These components can be converted into nanocellulose, nano hemicellulose, and lignin-derived nanoparticles with wide ranging applications.

Reactive Oxygen Species in the Activation of Plant Immunity.

The plant immune system works against pathogens and seems to have co-evolved with plants. Perception of pathogens by plant receptors leads to the initiation of signaling cascades that drive plant immunity. In events of plant-pathogen interaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as first-line warriors in triggering plant immunity.

Contrasting growth responses in Himalayan trees to future climate.

Rising temperatures and shifting regional precipitation patterns are exerting significant impact on tree growth in the Himalayan region. Despite growing concern about global warming, the regional- and species-specific growth responses to future climate scenarios remain poorly quantified across the two contrasting precipitation regimes (Eastern-monsoon vs Western-westerly) of the Himalaya. We analyzed 3370 time series of tree-ring width data of 14 dominant tree species in the Himalaya occurring between 1750 and 4100 m of elevation covering a large longitudinal monsoon-related environmental gradient.

Management of Congenital Macroglossia Due to Lymphatic Malformation in a Child with Review of Literature.

Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital hamartomas of the lymphatic system with a marked predilection for the head-and-neck region accounting for 75% of all cases. Lymphangiomas rarely affect the oral cavity. Affected sites in the oral cavity may include the tongue, palate, gingiva, lips, and alveolar ridge of the mandible.

Legume-based rotation enhance long-term soil carbon storage in eastern Oregon dryland wheat systems.

The potential for increasing soil carbon (C) storage in dryland croplands is still under debate, and there is a lack of comprehensive data regarding storage capacity under conservation management practices. In this study, we analyze the potential for sequestration and stabilization by soil minerals in agricultural land in Eastern Oregon when legume-based rotations are incorporated into cereal cropping systems. This study encompasses long-term experiments that compare the traditional conventional tillage (CT) with winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) cropping system to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Instantaneous formation of interstellar minerals and mineral quantum dots.

Our understanding of the formation pathways of interstellar mineral dust is still evolving. This study investigated the formation of astrophysical mineral dust, such as olivine, by shock processing. Low-velocity (∼1.

Novel Colonoscopic Removal of a Retained Appendix after Surgical Inversion in a Pediatric Case of Malrotation.

In a child with intestinal malrotation, Ladd's procedure is performed, and an inversion appendectomy could be a part of this operation. An incidental appendectomy could be a beneficial adjunctive surgery to a laparotomy, and it is true that appendix transection can cause some bacterial infections. Likewise, inversion of the appendix is performed as a part of Ladd's procedure in the pediatric population to avoid the risk of infection.

Urban Health Resilience: Strategies for Strengthening Public Health Systems in Response to Urbanization Challenges.

The social structure of India is rapidly evolving, towards modernization. The urban population of India is projected to approach 60 crores by 2036. Urban health resilience stands for building the capacity of urban systems to withstand and adapt to health-related stresses like natural disasters, man-made disasters, and pandemics like COVID-19 and the capability to recover from them by well-equipped hospitals, efficient emergency response mechanisms, and a network of well-trained and motivated healthcare professionals.

Experimental realization of a helical magnetic structure at Ni/Gd interfaces at room temperature.

Rare earth (RE) metals in proximity to transition metals (TMs) normally exhibit a strong antiferromagnetic exchange interaction and thus show an increase in the Curie temperature and twisted magnetic structures. Here, we performed depth profiling of the structure and magnetic properties of a Ni/Gd multilayer at room temperature using polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) measurements, suggesting intermixing and long-range ordered magnetism at interfaces. We observed different spin-dependent PNR profiles for the multilayer upon reflecting neutrons from front and back surfaces.

Going beyond improving soil health: cover plants as contaminant removers in agriculture.

Agriculture faces the increasing demands of a growing global population amid simultaneous challenges to soils from climate change and human-induced contamination. Cover plants are vital in sustainable agriculture, contributing to soil health improvement, erosion prevention, and enhanced climate resilience, but their role in contaminant management is underexplored. Herein we review the utilization of cover plants for remediating contaminants such as metals, organic pollutants, nitrate, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance genes, plastics, and salts.

Experimental confirmation of phase profile of Hermite-Gauss beams.

Phase distribution of Hermite-Gauss (HG) beams generated by a gas laser is investigated experimentally by studying their interference with a plane wave and diffraction by a single slit by selecting pairs of bright lobes with different phases. Experimentally recorded interference and diffraction profiles support HG mode phase profiles expounded on in this paper. We find that the phase difference between one bright lobe and another is not simply zero or but increases (or decreases) uniformly in steps of as the number of zeros between them increases, in agreement with analytic function theory.

Deep Learning techniques to detect and analysis of multiple sclerosis through MRI: A systematic literature review.

Deep learning (DL) techniques represent a rapidly advancing field within artificial intelligence, gaining significant prominence in the detection and analysis of various medical conditions through the analysis of medical data. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) focused on deep learning methods for the detection and analysis of multiple sclerosis (MS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The initial search identified 401 articles, which were rigorously screened, a selection of 82 highly relevant studies.

Hydrogen Sulphide: A Key Player in Plant Development and Stress Resilience.

Based on the research conducted so far, hydrogen sulphide (HS) plays a crucial role in the development and stress resilience of plants. HS, which acts as a signalling molecule, responds to different stresses such as heavy metals, drought, and salinity, and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development including seed germination, root development, stomatal movement, flowering, and fruit ripening. Additionally, HS is involved in mediating legume-Rhizobium symbiosis signalling.

Spatiotemporal regulation of anther's tapetum degeneration paved the way for a reversible male sterility system in cotton.

Male sterility is an important agronomical trait in self-pollinating plants for producing cost-effective F1 hybrids to harness the heterosis. Still, large-scale development and maintenance of male sterile lines and restoring fertility in F1 hybrids pose significant challenges in plant hybrid breeding. Cotton is a self-pollinating crop and exhibits strong hybrid vigor.

Wet and dry spell induced changes in the soil CO effluxes of Pine and Oak ecosystems of Central Himalaya: a comparative assessment for monsoon and winter seasons.

Soil efflux of CO ( ) is known to be dependent on natural drying and rewetting of the soil. Although the central Indian Himalayan region is predominantly occupied with two ecosystems, i. e.

Effect of Nutritional Rehabilitation on Neurodevelopmental Status of Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition.

Objective: To evaluate the change in the neurodevelopmental status of children (1-30-months-old) with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) following nutritional rehabilitation.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Severe Malnutrition Therapeutic Unit (SMTU) of a tertiary hospital in Central India, between April 2021 and October 2022. Children with primary neurological conditions like cerebral palsy and epilepsy were excluded.

Declining Trend in Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Respiratory Tract Bacterial Pathogens against Commonly Used Drugs at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health issue. To determine trends in bacterial organisms in respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and their antibiotic sensitivity at a tertiary care center in India, we performed this study.

Methods: Successive samples received from January 2017 to December 2021 from the respiratory tract (sputum, endotracheal secretion, and bronchoalveolar lavage) from intensive care units and medical inpatients were processed for bacterial growth.

Temporal dynamics of urban air pollutants and their correlation with associated meteorological parameters: an investigation in northern Indian cities.

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of air pollution in the rapidly expanding northern regions of India, examining the intertwined influences of agricultural burning, industrialization, and meteorological conditions. Through comprehensive analysis of key pollutants (PM, PM, NO, SO, CO, O) across ten monitoring stations in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, and Punjab, a consistent pattern of high pollution levels emerges, particularly notable in Delhi. Varanasi leads in SO and O concentrations, while Moradabad stands out for CO levels, and Jalandhar for SO concentrations.

Isolation and characterisation of lignin using natural deep eutectic solvents pretreated kenaf fibre biomass.

Extraction of lignin via green methods is a crucial step in promoting the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses. In the present study, utilisation of natural deep eutectic solvent for the pretreatment of kenaf fibres biomass is performed. Furthermore, extracted lignin from natural deep eutectic solvent pretreated kenaf biomass was carried out and its comparative study with commercial lignin was studied.

Bark thickness and related parameters of tree species along an elevation transect leading to treeline in Central Himalaya.

Since treelines are generally fire-free, the trees growing there are expected to have thin bark, unless adaptation to other factors than fire results in the selection of a thick bark. Related to this is also higher proportional investment in inner bark in such an environment of infrequent fire. This study has considered stem bark thickness both in absolute and relative terms and also in the frame of the composition of outer and inner bark components of 20 tree species along an elevation transect (2100-3300 m) in high ranges of the Central Himalaya leading to treelines.

Arabidopsis BECLIN1-induced autophagy mediates reprogramming in tapetal programmed cell death by altering the gross cellular homeostasis.

In flowering plants, the tapetum degeneration in post-meiotic anther occurs through developmental programmed cell death (dPCD), which is one of the most critical and sensitive steps for the proper development of male gametophytes and fertility. Yet the pathways of dPCD, its regulation, and its interaction with autophagy remain elusive. Here, we report that high-level expression of Arabidopsis autophagy-related gene BECLIN1 (BECN1 or AtATG6) in the tobacco tapetum prior to their dPCD resulted in developmental defects.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): A promising candidate for lung cancer targeting.

Lung cancer stands as the foremost health issue and the principal reason for mortality worldwide. It is projected that India will see over 1.73 million new cases and more than 880,000 deaths related to cancer, with lung cancer being a significant contributor.

Utilization of Crown Residue Husk as a Sustainable Strength Additive for EPR/LDPE Blend Composites.

The utilization of waste generated by natural resources is a crucial problem nowadays. The current study describes the utilization of pineapple () crown residue husk (PCRh) as a strength additive for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) composites. The blend composites with 30% husk, 10 wt % EPR, and 60% LDPE content showed much better mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and flexural properties, than pristine LDPE and its binary composite with 10 wt % EPR.