Multi-physiology modeling of the immune system in the era of precision immunotherapy.

Immunotherapies using new modalities, including antibody-based drugs, nanoparticle-delivered drugs, and adoptive cell therapy, have become major treatment options for immune-related diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. Although data characterizing individual patients' pharmacological responses, immune statuses, and clinical outcomes become increasingly available, predicting individual patients' immunotherapeutic responses for developing and deploying optimal immunotherapies remains challenging. Here, we propose "multi-physiology modeling" of the immune system that integrates omics-based and dynamic systems modeling-based systems immunology and pharmacometrics modeling on top of basic and clinical immunology.

Advancing Psychodynamic-Based Clinical Social Work Practice to Address Structural Trauma: Integrating Neuroscience and Attachment Theory.

Psychodynamic-based practice (PBP), including approaches informed by attachment theory, is a widely used therapeutic modality in clinical social work for addressing trauma. Yet, in some clinical spaces, PBP has faced challenges due to its process-oriented nature, particularly in an era that increasingly favors manualized, short-term interventions. Meanwhile, sociocultural neuroscience has emerged as a field providing evidence for trauma interventions.

Structural variants of AcrIIC5 inhibit Cas9 via divergent binding interfaces.

CRISPR-Cas is a bacterial defense system that employs RNA-guided endonucleases to destroy invading foreign nucleic acids. Bacteriophages produce anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to evade CRISPR-Cas defense during the infection. AcrIIC5, a type II-C Cas9 inhibitor, exhibits unusual variations in the local backbone fold between its orthologs.

Structural and biochemical insights into the mechanism of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIE3.

Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are natural inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems, found in bacteriophages and other genetic elements. AcrIE3, identified in a Pseudomonas phage, inactivates the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by engaging with the Cascade complex. However, its precise inhibition mechanism has remained elusive.

Increasing diversity in neuroimaging research: Participant-driven recommendations from a qualitative study of an under-represented sample.

Enhancing the generalizability of neuroimaging studies requires actively engaging participants from under-represented communities. This paper leverages qualitative data to outline participant-driven recommendations for incorporating under-represented populations in neuroimaging protocols. Thirty-one participants, who had participated in neuroimaging research or could be eligible for one as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, engaged in semi-structured one-on-one interviews (84 % under-represented ethnic-racial identities and low-income backgrounds).

Mother-child closeness and adolescent structural neural networks: a prospective longitudinal study of low-income families.

Mother-child closeness, a mutually trusting and affectionate bond, is an important factor in shaping positive youth development. However, little is known about the neural pathways through which mother-child closeness is related to brain organization. Utilizing a longitudinal sample primarily from low-income families (N = 181; 76% African American youth and 54% female), this study investigated the associations between mother-child closeness at ages 9 and 15 years and structural connectivity organization (network integration, robustness, and segregation) at age 15 years.

Toxicity and Efficacy Evaluation of Soluble Recombinant Ricin Vaccine.

Background: Ricin, a toxin extracted from the seeds of , is classified as a ribosome-inactivating protein. The A-subunit of ricin shows RNA -glycosidase activity that cleaves ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and exhibits toxicity by inhibiting protein synthesis and inducing vascular leak syndrome.

Methods: In this study, we created a truncated version of the previously developed R51 ricin vaccine (RTA 1-194 D75C Y80C) through in silico analysis.

Greater Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption and Fat Use Following Calisthenics vs. Oxygen Consumption Matched Steady-State Exercise.

Calisthenics is a form of bodyweight exercise that involves dynamic and rhythmic exercises. The physiological responses during and after calisthenics remain unclear. This study examined whether a bout of full-body calisthenics, a form of circuit resistance exercise that involves bodyweight movements, yields greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) than steady-state exercise (SSE) at matched oxygen consumption.

Herbicide-resistant plants produced by precision adenine base editing in plastid DNA.

CRISPR-free, protein-only cytosine base editors (CBEs) or adenine base editors, composed of DNA-binding proteins such as zinc finger proteins or transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and nucleobase cytosine or adenine deaminases, respectively, enable organellar DNA editing in cultured cells, animals and plants. TALE-linked double-stranded DNA deaminase toxin A (DddA)-derived CBEs (DdCBEs) and TALE-linked adenine deaminases (TALEDs) install C-to-T and A-to-G single-nucleotide conversions, respectively, in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Interestingly, whereas TALEDs exclusively induce A-to-G conversions without C-to-T conversions in mammalian mitochondrial DNA, they often install unwanted C-to-T edits in addition to intended A-to-G edits in plastid DNA.

Cardiorespiratory and aerobic demands of squat exercise.

Squatting, a traditional resistance exercise classified as strength training, relies on anaerobic pathways, but its aerobic aspects remain unclear. We examined heart rate and oxygen demand during squats, exploring variations across different strength statuses. It fills gaps in understanding the cardiorespiratory effects of squatting, especially during multiple sets.

Genetic trends in parrot Bornavirus: a clinical analysis.

Parrot Bornavirus (PaBV) has been reported to cause indigestion and other wasting symptoms such as weight loss and lethargy. The pathogenesis of PaBV has yet to be fully elucidated. This study reports PaBV infections in South Korea and suggests a trend in the genetic information gathered from clinical cases.

Trauma-Informed Cultural Humility Mental Health Practice: Centering History among African American Women.

Social work has made significant strides in providing mental health services. However, advancement in mental health practices grounded in social work values, such as trauma-informed care and cultural humility mental health practice (CHMHP), is still lacking. One possible reason is that many strategies overlook clients' historical contexts, particularly the collective history held by the community to which the client belongs.

Structural and functional investigation of GajB protein in Gabija anti-phage defense.

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea. To fend off invading phages, the hosts have evolved a variety of anti-phage defense mechanisms. Gabija is one of the most abundant prokaryotic antiviral systems and consists of two proteins, GajA and GajB.

The effect of a short-term ketogenic diet on exercise efficiency during graded exercise in healthy adults.

Objective: We examined the effects of short-term KD on exercise efficiency and hormonal response during and after the graded exercise testing.

Methods: Fourteen untrained healthy adults (8 males, 6 females, age 26.4 ± 3.

Examining the Association Between Trauma Characteristics and Adult Depression and Anxiety: Analysis of Types, Variety, Repetition, and Timing of Past Trauma.

Past research has emphasized the impact of prior trauma on adult depression and anxiety rates. However, few studies have examined the simultaneous connection between various trauma characteristics (e.g.

Associations between childhood maltreatment and physiological dysregulation in adulthood: Methodological decisions and implications.

Background: Childhood maltreatment is linked with health problems in adulthood. Theoretical models suggest that maltreatment leads to dysregulation in several bodily systems, and this has been corroborated using measures of physiological function (i.e.

An auxin-mediated ultradian rhythm positively influences root regeneration in .

Ultradian rhythms have been proved to be critical for diverse biological processes. However, comprehensive understanding of the short-period rhythms remains limited. Here, we discover that leaf excision triggers a gene expression rhythm with ~3-h periodicity, named as the excision ultradian rhythm (UR), which is regulated by the plant hormone auxin.

The moderating role of neighborhood social cohesion on the relationship between early mother-child attachment security and adolescent social skills: Brief report.

Background: Social skill is a critical asset for adolescents, and early mother-child attachment is an essential contributor to their development. While less secure mother-child attachment is a known risk factor for adolescent social development, the protective factor of neighborhood context in buffering this risk is still not well understood.

Research Design: This study used longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( = 1,876).

Structural basis of DNA binding by the NAC transcription factor ORE1, a master regulator of plant senescence.

Plants use sophisticated mechanisms of gene expression to control senescence in response to environmental stress or aging. ORE1 (Arabidopsis thaliana NAC092) is a master regulator of senescence that belongs to the plant-specific NAC transcription factor protein family. ORE1 has been reported to bind to multiple DNA targets to orchestrate leaf senescence, yet the mechanistic basis for recognition of the cognate gene sequence remains unclear.

Mediating effect of pubertal stages on the family environment and neurodevelopment: An open-data replication and multiverse analysis of an ABCD Study.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that environmental factors meaningfully impact the development of the brain (Hyde et al., 2020; McEwen and Akil, 2020). Recent work from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study suggests that puberty may indirectly account for some association between the family environment and brain structure and function (Thijssen et al.

Targeted A-to-G base editing of chloroplast DNA in plants.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) encodes up to 315 (typically, 120-130) genes, including those for essential components in photosystems I and II and the large subunit of RuBisCo, which catalyses CO fixation in plants. Targeted mutagenesis in cpDNA will be broadly useful for studying the functions of these genes in molecular detail and for developing crops and other plants with desired traits. Unfortunately, CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-derived base editors, which enable targeted genetic modifications in nuclear DNA, are not suitable for organellar DNA editing, owing to the difficulty of delivering guide RNA into organelles.

Association of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2018.

Maintaining or improving muscular strength may be a key preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, whether the association of handgrip strength (HGS), as a well-established marker of whole-body muscular strength, with the prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS) varies with age stratification remains unclear. Additionally, whether absolute of relative HGS is superior to another in predicting MetS is less clear.

The association of mindfulness and depression stigma among African American women participants in a mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot study.

Depression stigma is a potential barrier to engagement in and efficacy of depression treatment. This pilot study examined the association of mindfulness with depression stigma among participants in an eight-week mindfulness-based intervention for depressive symptoms. Thirty-one African American women with depressive symptoms were recruited from an urban Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) to participate in a mindfulness intervention (M-Body).

The Relative Influence of Family and Neighborhood Factors on Child Maltreatment at Critical Stages of Child Development.

This study examines the impact of family and neighborhood factors on physical and psychological abuse across three developmental stages of children: early childhood (age 3), young school age (age 5), and middle childhood (age 9). Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal national cohort study of children from 20 urban U.S.