Commercial Cannabis Product Testing: Fidelity to Labels and Regulations.

Background: In Colorado, regulations for recreational and medical cannabis sales require Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration is printed on all products. Labeled THC concentrations can vary by +/-15% of what is in the product. Studies show THC concentrations recorded on product labels are not always reflective of the THC concentration in the cannabis product and there is evidence consumers make purchasing decisions based on label claims.

Identification of Plasma Metabolites Responding to Oxycodone Exposure in Rats.

Background: Oxycodone has an elevated abuse liability profile compared to other prescription opioid medications. However, many human and rodent metabolomics studies have not been specifically focused on oxycodone.

Objectives: Investigating metabolomics changes associated with oxycodone exposure can provide insights into biochemical mechanisms of the addiction cycle and prognosis prediction.

Metabolic Aging as an Increased Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background/objectives: Both aging and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are strongly associated with changes in the metabolome; however, it is unknown whether there are common aging/COPD metabolomic signatures and if accelerated aging is associated with COPD.

Methods: Plasma from 5704 subjects from the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study (COPDGene) and 2449 subjects from Subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS) were profiled using the Metabolon global metabolomics platform (1013 annotated metabolites). Post-bronchodilator spirometry measures of airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.

Dose of Product or Product Concentration: A Comparison of Change in Heart Rate by THC Concentration for Participants Using Cannabis Daily and Occasionally.

Studies show that acute cannabis use significantly increases heart rate (HR) and mildly raises blood pressure in the minutes following smoked or inhaled use of cannabis. However, less is known about how the THC concentration of the product or an individual's frequency of use (i.e.

Plasma metabolomics and quantitative interstitial abnormalities in ever-smokers.

Background: Quantitative interstitial abnormalities (QIA) are an automated computed tomography (CT) finding of early parenchymal lung disease, associated with worse lung function, reduced exercise capacity, increased respiratory symptoms, and death. The metabolomic perturbations associated with QIA are not well known. We sought to identify plasma metabolites associated with QIA in smokers.

Metabolome Features of COPD: A Scoping Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex heterogeneous disease state with multiple phenotypic presentations that include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Although COPD is a lung disease, it has systemic manifestations that are associated with a dysregulated metabolome in extrapulmonary compartments (e.g.

A Metabolomic Severity Score for Airflow Obstruction and Emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with marked metabolic disturbance. Previous studies have shown the association between single metabolites and lung function for COPD, but whether a combination of metabolites could predict phenotype is unknown. We developed metabolomic severity scores using plasma metabolomics from the Metabolon platform from two US cohorts of ever-smokers: the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) ( = 648; training/testing cohort; 72% non-Hispanic, white; average age 63 years) and the COPDGene Study ( = 1120; validation cohort; 92% non-Hispanic, white; average age 67 years).

Endothelial-derived cardiovascular disease-related microRNAs elevated with prolonged sitting pattern among postmenopausal women.

Time spent sitting is positively correlated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. The underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. MicroRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs) reflect cell/tissue status and mediate intercellular communication.

Total Sitting Time and Sitting Pattern in Postmenopausal Women Differ by Hispanic Ethnicity and are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers.

Background Sedentary behavior is pervasive, especially in older adults, and is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Relationships between cardiometabolic biomarkers and sitting time are unexplored in older women, as are possible ethnic differences. Methods and Results Ethnic differences in sitting behavior and associations with cardiometabolic risk were explored in overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n=518; mean±SD age 63±6 years; mean body mass index 31.

Latent profile analysis of accelerometer-measured sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time and differences in health characteristics in adult women.

Objectives: Independently, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are related to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Less is known about how rest-activity behaviors cluster within individuals and how rest-activity behavior profiles relate to health. In this study we aimed to investigate if adult women cluster into profiles based on how they accumulate rest-activity behavior (including accelerometer-measured PA, SB, and sleep), and if participant characteristics and health outcomes differ by profile membership.

A comparison of accelerometry analysis methods for physical activity in older adult women and associations with health outcomes over time.

This study compared five different methods for analyzing accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) in older adults and assessed the relationship between changes in PA and changes in physical function and depressive symptoms for each method. Older adult females (N = 144, M = 83.3 ± 6.

Breast cancer survivors reduce accelerometer-measured sedentary time in an exercise intervention.

Purpose: Cancer survivors are highly sedentary and have low physical activity. How physical activity interventions impact sedentary behavior remains unclear. This secondary analysis examined changes in sedentary behavior among breast cancer survivors participating in a physical activity intervention that significantly increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Changes in Moderate Intensity Physical Activity Are Associated With Better Cognition in the Multilevel Intervention for Physical Activity in Retirement Communities (MIPARC) Study.

Objective: The authors investigated if the physical activity increases observed in the Multilevel Intervention for Physical Activity in Retirement Communities (MIPARC) improved cognitive functions in older adults. The authors also examined if within-person changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as opposed to low-light and high-light physical activity, were related to cognitive improvements in the entire sample.

Methods: This was a cluster randomized control trial set in retirement communities in San Diego County, CA.

Physical Activity Change in an RCT: Comparison of Measurement Methods.

We aimed to quantify the agreement between self-report, standard cut-point accelerometer, and machine learning accelerometer estimates of physical activity (PA), and exam- ine how agreement changes over time among older adults in an intervention setting. Data were from a randomized weight loss trial that encouraged increased PA among 333 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. PA was estimated using accelerometry and a validated questionnaire at baseline and 6-months.

Protocol for a cross sectional study of cancer risk, environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviors in a diverse community sample: the Community of Mine study.

Background: Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are modifiable behaviors that lead to several cancers. Biologically, these behaviors are linked to cancer through obesity-related insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individual strategies to change physical activity and diet are often short lived with limited effects.

The search for the ejecting chair: a mixed-methods analysis of tool use in a sedentary behavior intervention.

Research is needed on interventions targeting sedentary behavior with appropriate behavior-change tools. The current study used convergent sequential mixed methods (QUAN + qual) to explore tool use during a edentary behavior intervention. Data came from a two-arm randomized sedentary behavior pilot intervention.

Dimensions of sedentary behavior and objective cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: To examine associations between dimensions of sedentary behavior and cognitive function in breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Sedentary behavior variables were measured using thigh-worn activPALs, and included total daily sitting time, time in long sitting bouts, sit-to-stand transitions, and standing time. Cognitive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Domain.

Modeling interrelationships between health behaviors in overweight breast cancer survivors: Applying Bayesian networks.

Obesity and its impact on health is a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing many factors, including demographics, environment, lifestyle, and psychosocial functioning. A systems science approach, investigating these many influences, is needed to capture the complexity and multidimensionality of obesity prevention to improve health. Leveraging baseline data from a unique clinical cohort comprising 333 postmenopausal overweight or obese breast cancer survivors participating in a weight-loss trial, we applied Bayesian networks, a machine learning approach, to infer interrelationships between lifestyle factors (e.

Convergent validity of ActiGraph and Actical accelerometers for estimating physical activity in adults.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the convergent validity of two commonly-used accelerometers for estimating time spent in various physical activity intensities in adults.

Methods: The sample comprised 37 adults (26 males) with a mean (SD) age of 37.6 (12.

The Effects of Metformin and Weight Loss on Biomarkers Associated With Breast Cancer Outcomes.

Background: This study investigated the effects of metformin and weight loss on biomarkers associated with breast cancer prognosis.

Methods: Overweight/obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 333) were randomly assigned to metformin vs placebo and to a weight loss intervention vs control (ie, usual care). The 2 × 2 factorial design allows a single randomized trial to investigate the effect of two factors and interactions between them.

Cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel physical activity intervention for older adults.

Background: Older adults are the least active population group. Interventions in residential settings may support a multi-level approach to behavior change.

Methods: In a cluster randomized control trial, 11 San Diego retirement communities were assigned to a physical activity (PA) intervention or a healthy aging attention control condition.

Improving Hip-Worn Accelerometer Estimates of Sitting Using Machine Learning Methods.

Purpose: This study aimed to improve estimates of sitting time from hip-worn accelerometers used in large cohort studies by using machine learning methods developed on free-living activPAL data.

Methods: Thirty breast cancer survivors concurrently wore a hip-worn accelerometer and a thigh-worn activPAL for 7 d. A random forest classifier, trained on the activPAL data, was used to detect sitting, standing, and sit-stand transitions in 5-s windows in the hip-worn accelerometer.

Actigraphy-Derived Daily Rest-Activity Patterns and Body Mass Index in Community-Dwelling Adults.

Study Objectives: To examine associations between 24-hour rest-activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) among community-dwelling US adults. Rest-activity patterns provide a field method to study exposures related to circadian rhythms.

Methods: Adults (N = 578) wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 days.