Implementing a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Medicine Clinic for Cancer Survivorship.

Background: Lifestyle medicine (LM) is increasingly recognized in cancer survivorship guidelines. The 6 LM pillars are physical activity, a predominantly plant diet, restorative sleep, stress management, avoiding risky substance use, and social connections. Through a multidisciplinary LM clinic in oncology, we describe 2 illustrative cases and the implications for broader implementation and dissemination of this clinic model.

A Cancer Center Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Medicine Clinic: Description of Program and Patient Population.

Background: Cancer survivorship guidelines emphasize Lifestyle Medicine (LM) pillars, including physical activity, healthy eating, restorative sleep, stress management, and avoiding risky substance use. We describe the development and patient population of a multidisciplinary LM clinic in oncology.

Methods: The clinic launched virtually in 2020.

The Feasibility and Efficacy of Warrior Health and Fitness: A 3-Month Fitness and Nutrition Program for Veterans.

Introduction: Veterans are at risk for mental and physical health problems but may not seek traditional health care services. Wellness-based interventions, including exercise and nutrition, have been associated with improvements in physical and mental health among this population. This study explores the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of a 3-month health and fitness program for veterans.

Using Positive Psychology to Address Emotional Barriers to Physical Activity After Bariatric Surgery: Proof-of-Concept Trial of the Gaining Optimism After Weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project.

Physical activity promotes health and longevity after metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS), but most patients do not meet recommended levels. The Gaining Optimism After weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project was a positive psychological intervention designed to address common emotional barriers to physical activity in patients who have recently undergone MBS (e.g.

Positive psychological well-being and clinical characteristics in IBS: A systematic review.

Objective: Psychological factors (e.g., depression, anxiety) are known to contribute to the development and maintenance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

A secondary analysis examining the performance of the State Optimism Measure (SOM) compared to the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) in measuring optimism over time.

Optimism is an important factor impacting health and human functioning. Originally conceptualized as a trait, increasing evidence indicates that optimism can change over time and could be an intervention target. Measures are needed that can capture changes in optimism.

Can positive psychological interventions improve health behaviors? A systematic review of the literature.

Positive psychological interventions (PPIs), which aim to cultivate psychological well-being, have the potential to improve health behavior adherence. This systematic review summarized the existing literature on PPI studies with a health behavior outcome to examine study methodology, quality, and efficacy. Of the 27 identified studies, 20 measured physical activity, eight measured medication adherence, seven measured diet, and three measured smoking (eight targeted multiple behaviors).

Latent growth curve modeling of physical activity trajectories in a positive-psychology and motivational interviewing intervention for people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Physical activity is critical for preventing and treating Type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is important to identify different profiles of physical activity change among those participating in behavioral interventions to optimize intervention-person fit.

Methods: This study analyzes longitudinal trajectories of change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a positive psychology (PP) and motivational interviewing (MI) intervention for T2D, using latent growth curve modeling (LGCM).

The role of positive psychological constructs in diet and eating behavior among people with metabolic syndrome: A qualitative study.

Positive Psychological (PP) constructs (e.g., optimism and gratitude) may impact the adherence to healthy behaviors, including diet, though prior studies have shown mixed findings.

Acceptability of a Virtual Mind-Body Intervention for Parents of Children With Autism or Learning Disabilities.

Objective: Parents of children with learning/attentional disabilities (LAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for chronic stress. Types of stress and treatment needs differ between these parent groups. We adapted our evidence-based mind-body intervention (SMART-3RP) for parents of children with LAD and ASD, delivered via videoconferencing.

Engaging older adults as advocates for age-friendly, walkable communities: The Senior Change Makers Pilot Study.

As the U.S. population ages, communities must adapt to help older adults thrive.

A positive psychology-motivational interviewing program to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes: The BEHOLD-16 pilot randomized trial.

Background: The majority of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not meet recommended levels of physical activity, despite clear links between physical activity and superior medical outcomes in this population. The objective of this trial was to assess the feasibility and impact of a novel 16-week combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) program to promote physical activity among inactive persons with T2D.

Methods: This pilot randomized trial compared the 16-week, phone-delivered PP-MI intervention to an attention-matched diabetes counseling condition among 70 persons with T2D and low levels of baseline moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; <150 min/week).

Responding to COVID-19 Stress: Disseminating Mind-Body Resiliency Approaches.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented stress and uncertainty, particularly among vulnerable populations such as healthcare workers who are facing a multitude of current and looming economic and psychosocial stressors. As clinician-scientists delivering mind-body interventions in our hospital, we suggest applying evidence-based mind-body techniques that promote resiliency and adaptive coping during these difficult times. Interventions that package a variety of mind-body skills into one cohesive program, such as the Stress Management and Resiliency Training - Relaxation Response Resiliency Program (SMART-3RP), offer promise for meeting the variety of stress management needs (e.

Psychiatric and Psychological Interventions for Depression in Patients With Heart Disease: A Scoping Review.

Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease is independently associated with progression of heart disease, major adverse cardiac events, and mortality. A wide variety of depression treatment strategies have been studied in randomized controlled trials as the field works to identify optimal depression treatments in this population. A contemporary scoping review of the literature can help to consolidate and synthesize the growing and disparate literature on depression treatment trials in people with cardiovascular disease.

How Do Positive Psychological Constructs Affect Physical Activity Engagement Among Individuals at High Risk for Chronic Health Conditions? A Qualitative Study.

Background: Positive psychological constructs (eg, optimism, positive affect) may help people engage in physical activity, though the details of these relationships and their directionality have not been studied in depth in people with cardiovascular risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use qualitative research to explore the relationships of positive psychological constructs with physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Participants with metabolic syndrome and low physical activity from an academic medical center completed semistructured phone interviews about associations between physical activity and positive psychological constructs, and perceptions about benefits, motivation, and barriers to physical activity.

Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles.

Lifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being.

A community-based positive psychology group intervention to promote physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome: Proof of concept results to inform a pilot randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Community-based physical activity interventions can offset the burden of developing chronic diseases. Positive psychology (PP) interventions may improve health behaviors, but little is known about their effectiveness in community-based prevention settings. A multilevel PP-based intervention has never been studied in people at risk for chronic diseases.

A Positive Psychology-Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: The BEHOLD-8 Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: Physical activity is associated with superior health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most T2D patients do not follow physical activity recommendations. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and impact of a novel combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) intervention to promote physical activity in T2D.

Methods: This controlled clinical trial compared an 8-week, phone-delivered PP-MI intervention to an attention-matched MI-enhanced behavioral counseling condition among 60 participants with T2D and suboptimal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; <150 min/wk).

An Exploration of Health Behaviors in a Mind-Body Resilience Intervention for Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: Parents of children with special needs such as learning and attentional disabilities (LADs) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for stress-related disorders. The demands of parenting may compete with time for self-care behaviors such as physical activity, healthy eating, and adequate sleep. The objective was to describe health behaviors among this understudied population and assess the changes after a resilience intervention.

A Mind-Body Physical Activity Program for Chronic Pain With or Without a Digital Monitoring Device: Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic pain is associated with poor physical and emotional functioning. Nonpharmacological interventions can help, but improvements are small and not sustained. Previous clinical trials do not follow recommendations to comprehensively target objectively measured and performance-based physical function in addition to self-reported physical function.

Exploring the feasibility and impact of positive psychology-motivational interviewing interventions to promote positive affect and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: design and methods from the BEHOLD-8 and BEHOLD-16 clinical trials.

Background: Physical activity among those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is independently associated with superior medical outcomes, but existing behavioral interventions have not led to widespread increases in activity in this population. A remotely delivered intervention that targets well-being constructs associated with greater activity and assists in the creation of specific physical activity goals has the potential to improve activity and outcomes in T2D.

Objective: To outline the rationale and methods of two studies designed to assess the impact and optimal duration of a combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) intervention for inactive persons with T2D.

Psychological well-being as part of the public health debate? Insight into dimensions, interventions, and policy.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with lower disease and mortality risk, and may be enhanced with relatively low-cost interventions. Yet, dissemination of these interventions remains limited, in part because insufficient attention has been paid to distinct PWB dimensions, which may impact physical health outcomes differently.

Methods: This essay first reviews the empirical evidence regarding differential relationships between all-cause mortality and multiple dimensions of PWB (e.