Differential expression of and genes in mammary HC11 cells challenged with and : Implications for mastitis resistance.

Background And Aim: Mastitis remains a major health challenge in dairy cattle, often caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chemokine receptors (CXCRs) play essential roles in the innate immune response of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). However, the differential expression of these genes in response to specific mastitis-causing spp.

Naturally acquired immunity to in Bornean orangutans ().

Naturally acquired immunity to the different types of malaria in humans occurs in areas of endemic transmission and results in asymptomatic infection of peripheral blood. The current study examined the possibility of naturally acquired immunity in Bornean orangutans, , exposed to endemic malaria. A total of 2140 peripheral blood samples were collected between January 2017 and December 2022 from a cohort of 135 orangutans housed at a natural forested Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation and bacterial communities of naso-oropharyngeal samples in middle-aged and elderly COVID-19 patients in West Java, Indonesia.

Objective: The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia reflects the disease severity and rapid dissemination. In response to the mounting threat, SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and the investigation of naso-oropharyngeal bacterial communities in West Java were conducted, as dysbiosis of the upper respiratory tract microbiota might adversely affect the clinical condition of patients.

Methods: We utilized the Oxford Nanopore sequencing platform to analyze genetic variation of 43 samples of SARS-CoV-2 and 11 selected samples for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, using samples collected from May to August 2021.

Possible intraindividual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal and anal swab in an octogenarian: a case report.

Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that remains to be further investigated.

Case Report: Here, we describe a case of COVID-19 in an octogenarian woman with comorbidities who slowly recovered during hospitalization, but died due to sudden cardiac death after 2 weeks of hospitalization. Her nasopharyngeal and anal swabs returned positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR on day 7 of hospitalization.

The dynamics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Bogor and surrounding areas reflect variant shifting during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Background: Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asian countries with high case numbers of COVID-19 with up to 4.2 million confirmed cases by 29 October 2021. Understanding the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for delivering public health intervention as certain variants may have different attributes that can potentially affect their transmissibility, as well as the performance of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.

Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on the faecal microbiome of a single dose of pradofloxacin oral suspension in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Fluoroquinolones are often administered to pet rabbits given their perceived safety and limited effects on anaerobic gut microbiota. However, the pharmacokinetics and relative safety of pradofloxacin, a third-generation veterinary fluoroquinolone with a much broader spectrum of activity, have not been reported in this species. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of oral pradofloxacin in rabbits and evaluated effects on the faecal microbiome.

Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp. dominate microbiota in the course of macropod progressive periodontal disease.

Macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD) is a necrotizing, polymicrobial, inflammatory disease commonly diagnosed in captive macropods. MPPD is characterized by gingivitis associated with dental plaque formation, which progresses to periodontitis and then to osteomyelitis of the mandible or maxilla. However, the underlying microbial causes of this disease remain poorly understood.

Companion Animals Are Spillover Hosts of the Multidrug-Resistant Human Extraintestinal Pandemic Clones ST131 and ST1193.

sequence types 131 (ST131) and 1193 are multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogens that have recently spread epidemically among humans and are occasionally isolated from companion animals. This study characterized a nationwide collection of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ ) isolates from extraintestinal infections in Australian cats and dogs. For this, 59 cat and dog FQ clinical isolates (representing 6.

Genomic analysis of phylogenetic group B2 extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli causing infections in dogs in Australia.

This study investigated the prevalence of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)-associated sequence types (STs) from phylogenetic group B2 among 449 fluoroquinolone-susceptible dog clinical isolates from Australia. Isolates underwent PCR-based phylotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to determine clonal relatedness.

Genomic analysis of fluoroquinolone-susceptible phylogenetic group B2 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli causing infections in cats.

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can cause urinary tract and other types of infection in cats, but the relationship of cat ExPEC to human ExPEC remains equivocal. This study investigated the prevalence of ExPEC-associated sequence types (STs) from phylogenetic group B2 among fluoroquinolone-susceptible cat clinical isolates. For this, 323 fluoroquinolone-susceptible cat clinical E.

Diagnostic accuracy of phenotypic assays for determining antimicrobial resistance status in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine clinical cases.

This study evaluated the diagnostic test accuracy of disc diffusion relative to broth-microdilution for clinical Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Australia (n = 614). Accuracy of disc diffusion and broth-microdilution for oxacillin relative to mecA real-time PCR was also assessed. Each isolate had paired minimum inhibitory concentration and zone diameter values for ten antimicrobial agents.

Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements from Methicillin-Resistant Infections in Australian Animals.

We examined the oxacillin resistance phenotype and genomic structure of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) elements from 77 veterinary methicillin-resistant (MRSP) isolates. Isolates were characterized by oxacillin broth microdilution, whole-genome sequencing, and bioformatics analysis. Five previously described SCC elements, and a sixth novel element, were identified: SCC III (also known as II-III), ΨSCC, and SCC (a SCC VII variant), all previously described in MRSP, and SCC IVg and SCC V, previously described in both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and MRSP.

Dissemination and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance encoding IncI1-bla plasmid among Escherichia coli in pigs.

This study investigated the ecology, epidemiology and plasmid characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli in healthy pigs over a period of 4 years (2013-2016) following the withdrawal of ESCs. High carriage rates of ESC-resistant E.

Relative performance of antimicrobial susceptibility assays on clinical Escherichia coli isolates from animals.

The assessment of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria derived from animals is often performed using the disc diffusion assay. However broth-microdilution is the preferred assay for national antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of disc diffusion relative to broth-microdilution across a panel of 12 antimicrobials using data from a collection of 994 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from animals.

Clonal diversity and geographic distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Australian animals: Discovery of novel sequence types.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in veterinary medicine. This study examined the molecular epidemiology of clinical MRSP isolated from Australian animals. Clinical staphylococci submitted to all Australian veterinary diagnostic laboratories were collected during 2013 and identified using traditional phenotypic tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Australia.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli have become a major public health concern to both humans and animal health. While the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical E. coli is monitored regularly in human medicine, current frequency of AMR in companion animals remains unknown in Australia.

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Australian Animals and Veterinarians.

This study aimed to determine the frequency and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Australian animals and whether animal-derived MRSA was similar to that from Australian veterinarians. A total of 1,080 clinical coagulase positive Staphylococcus isolates from Australian animals were collected during 2013. Sixteen (4%) of 360 S.

Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: A one year study.

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) have become increasingly recognised as opportunistic pathogens that limit therapeutic options in companion animals. The frequency of methicillin resistance amongst clinical isolates on an Australia-wide level is unknown. This study determined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for CoPS isolated from clinical infections in companion animals (dogs, cats and horses) as part of the first nation-wide survey on antimicrobial resistance in animal pathogens in Australia for a one-year period (January 2013 to January 2014).

Isolation and plasmid characterization of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a pressing public health issue due to limited therapeutic options to treat such infections. CREs have been predominantly isolated from humans and environmental samples and they are rarely reported among companion animals. In this study we report on the isolation and plasmid characterization of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from a companion animal.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from the caecum of an Indonesian chicken.

Six strains of anaerobic bacteria, C13EG70, C13EG118, C13EG186, C13GAMG5, C13GAMG28 and C13GAMG40, were isolated from the caecum of a healthy chicken bred in Bogor, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates were separated into two groups. Group I (C13EG70 and C13EG118) showed nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.

Bacteroides caecigallinarum sp. nov., isolated from caecum of an Indonesian chicken.

Three strains of anaerobic Gram-stain-negative, short to longer rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the caecum of chicken in Indonesia were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. These strains belonged to the genus Bacteroides, based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and hsp60 (groEL) genes, with similarities of 93.2-94.