Differential proteomic analysis reveals key players in rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani pathogenesis.

Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight (ShB) in rice, resulting in substantial yield losses. A major challenge in managing this disease is the lack of fully resistant rice varieties. While some germplasms show partial resistance, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

OsDUF2488 acts synergistically with OsPrx1.1, regulates ROS metabolism and promotes dehydration tolerance in rice.

Stress-mediated regulation of energy metabolism and its relation to plant adaptation remain largely unknown. Mitochondrial redox potential is greatly influenced by stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS); therefore, we mapped the dehydration-induced alterations in the mitochondrial proteome of a resilient rice cultivar, Rasi, generating a proteome map representing the largest inventory of dehydration-responsive mitochondrial proteins from any plant species. Quantitative proteomic analysis led to the identification of an array of dehydration-responsive proteins (DRPs), associated with various cellular functions, conceivably impinging on the molecular mechanism of adaptation.

Adaptation of bacterial natural single guide RNA (tracr-L) for efficient plant genome editing.

A long tracrRNA (tracr-L), which naturally act as single guide RNA, and its truncated version, Δtracr-L, from S. pyogenes, efficiently induce Cas9-mediated double-strand breaks (DSBs) in plant genomic loci, as demonstrated by in vitro cleavage assay and protoplast transfection. CRISPR-Cas system provides a form of immune memory in prokaryotes and archaea, protecting them against viruses and foreign genetic elements.

A Detailed Proteomics and Metabolomics Landscape Sheds Light on the Mechanistic Insights Into the Resistance Response of Transgenic Pigeon Pea Against Wilt Stress.

Pigeon pea, vital for farmers in semi-arid regions, suffers yield losses from Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium udum. This study demonstrates that introducing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene significantly boosts wilt resistance. Enhanced resistance in transgenic lines was confirmed through gene expression analysis, enzyme activity assays, biochemical assessments, histochemical staining and in vitro and in vivo bioassays, including spore germination tests.

Optimized protoplast isolation and transfection with a breakpoint: accelerating Cas9/sgRNA cleavage efficiency validation in monocot and dicot.

Unlabelled: The CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools are revolutionizing agriculture and basic biology with their simplicity and precision ability to modify target genomic loci. Software-predicted guide RNAs (gRNAs) often fail to induce efficient cleavage at target loci. Many target loci are inaccessible due to complex chromatin structure.

Potential gene editing targets for developing haploid inducer stocks in rice and wheat with high haploid induction frequency.

Unlabelled: Doubled haploid (DH) breeding is a powerful technique to ensure global food security via accelerated crop improvement. DH can be produced by employing haploid inducer stock (HIS). Widely used HIS in maize is known to be governed by , , and  genes.

Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals.

Agricultural production relies on horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants, which sustain human life. With an alarming increase in human population and the consequential need for more food, it has become necessary for increased production to maintain food security. Conventional breeding has subsidized the development of improved verities but to enhance crop production, new breeding techniques need to be acquired.

Overexpression of Setaria italica phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene in rice positively impacts photosynthesis and agronomic traits.

C plants have the inherent capacity to concentrate atmospheric CO in the vicinity of RuBisCo, thereby increasing carboxylation, and inhibiting photorespiration. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), the first enzyme of C photosynthesis, converts atmospheric CO to HCO, which is utilized by PEPC to produce C acids. Bioengineering of C traits into C crops is an attractive strategy to increase photosynthesis and water use efficiency.

A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management.

Genome editing technology has rapidly evolved to knock-out genes, create targeted genetic variation, install precise insertion/deletion and single nucleotide changes, and perform large-scale alteration. The flexible and multipurpose editing technologies have started playing a substantial role in the field of plant disease management. CRISPR-Cas has reduced many limitations of earlier technologies and emerged as a versatile toolbox for genome manipulation.

Morphophysiological alterations in transgenic rice lines expressing PPDK and ME genes from the C4 model Setaria italica.

C4 plants are superior to C3 plants in terms of productivity and limited photorespiration. PPDK (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) and NADP-ME (NADP-dependent malic enzyme) are two important photosynthetic C4-specific enzymes present in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants. To evaluate the effect of C4 enzymes in rice, we developed transgenic rice lines by separately introducing Setaria italica PPDK [SiPPDK] and S.

Base Editing Landscape Extends to Perform Transversion Mutation.

Base editors have drawn considerable academic and industrial attention in recent years because of their ability to alter single DNA bases with precision. However, the existing cytosine and adenine base editors can only install transition mutations. Three recent studies (Kurt et al.

Understanding sheath blight resistance in rice: the road behind and the road ahead.

Rice sheath blight disease, caused by the basidiomycetous necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, became one of the major threats to the rice cultivation worldwide, especially after the adoption of high-yielding varieties. The pathogen is challenging to manage because of its extensively broad host range and high genetic variability and also due to the inability to find any satisfactory level of natural resistance from the available rice germplasm. It is high time to find remedies to combat the pathogen for reducing rice yield losses and subsequently to minimize the threat to global food security.

Proteo-metabolomic investigation of transgenic rice unravels metabolic alterations and accumulation of novel proteins potentially involved in defence against Rhizoctonia solani.

The generation of sheath blight (ShB)-resistant transgenic rice plants through the expression of Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is a significant development for research in the field of biotic stress. However, to our knowledge, regulation of the proteomic and metabolic networks in the ShB-resistant transgenic rice plants has not been studied. In the present investigation, the relative proteome and metabolome profiles of the non-transformed wild-type and the AtNPR1-transgenic rice lines prior to and subsequent to the R.

Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens.

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs).

Development of a rapid and highly efficient -mediated transformation system for pigeon pea [ (L.) Millsp].

An efficient genetic transformation system is a prerequisite for studying gene functions, molecular breeding program, and introducing new traits. mediated genetic transformation is a widely preferred and accepted method for many plants, including pigeon pea. However, the efficiency of transformation of pigeon pea using the existing protocols is low and time-consuming.

Dual gene expression cassette is superior than single gene cassette for enhancing sheath blight tolerance in transgenic rice.

Sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is a serious and destructive disease of the rice. In order to improve sheath blight resistance, we developed three different kinds of transgenic rice lines. The first transgenic line overexpresses the rice chitinase gene (OsCHI11); the second contains the Arabidopsis NPR1 (AtNPR1) gene and, the third has pyramided constructs with both the genes (OsCHI11 and AtNPR1).

Tissue-specific expression of Arabidopsis NPR1 gene in rice for sheath blight resistance without compromising phenotypic cost.

Rice sheath blight disease, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is considered the second most important disease of rice after blast. NPR1 (non expressor of PR1) is the central regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) conferring broad spectrum resistance to various pathogens. Previous reports have indicated that constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 (AtNPR1) gene results in disease resistance in rice but has a negative impact on growth and agronomic traits.

Green tissue-specific co-expression of chitinase and oxalate oxidase 4 genes in rice for enhanced resistance against sheath blight.

Green tissue-specific simultaneous overexpression of two defense-related genes ( OsCHI11 & OsOXO4 ) in rice leads to significant resistance against sheath blight pathogen ( R. solani ) without distressing any agronomically important traits. Overexpressing two defense-related genes (OsOXO4 and OsCHI11) cloned from rice is effective at enhancing resistance against sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani.

Development of pod borer-resistant transgenic chickpea using a pod-specific and a constitutive promoter-driven fused cry1Ab/Ac gene.

We studied pod-specific msg promoter from soybean and developed different transgenic lines of chickpea expressing fused cry1Ab/Ac constitutively and pod specifically for resistance against the destructive pest Helicoverpa armigera. Crystal (Cry) proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) play an important role in controlling infestation of Helicoverpa armigera, which has been considered a serious problem in chickpea productivity. This study was undertaken to overcome the problem by introducing fused cry1Ab/Ac insecticidal gene under the control of pod-specific soybean msg promoter as well as rice actin1 promoter into chickpea var.

Rice oxalate oxidase gene driven by green tissue-specific promoter increases tolerance to sheath blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani) in transgenic rice.

Rice sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating and intractable diseases of rice, leading to a significant reduction in rice productivity worldwide. In this article, in order to examine sheath blight resistance, we report the generation of transgenic rice lines overexpressing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene in a green tissue-specific manner which breaks down oxalic acid (OA), the pathogenesis factor secreted by R. solani.