Optimized protoplast isolation and transfection with a breakpoint: accelerating Cas9/sgRNA cleavage efficiency validation in monocot and dicot.

Unlabelled: The CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools are revolutionizing agriculture and basic biology with their simplicity and precision ability to modify target genomic loci. Software-predicted guide RNAs (gRNAs) often fail to induce efficient cleavage at target loci. Many target loci are inaccessible due to complex chromatin structure.

Recent advances in spirocyclization of maleimides transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation.

In recent years, the maleimide scaffold has received a great deal of attention in C-H activation. Several types of products can be constructed using maleimides as a coupling partner. Alkylation, alkenylation, annulation, dehydrogenative annulation and spirocyclization are various reactions shown by maleimides in C-H activation.

Metabolite profiling of Piper longum L. fruit volatiles by two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Insights into the chemical complexity.

Piper longum L. (long pepper) is an economically and industrially important medicinal plant. However, the characterization of its volatiles has only been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Overexpression of Setaria italica phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene in rice positively impacts photosynthesis and agronomic traits.

C plants have the inherent capacity to concentrate atmospheric CO in the vicinity of RuBisCo, thereby increasing carboxylation, and inhibiting photorespiration. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), the first enzyme of C photosynthesis, converts atmospheric CO to HCO, which is utilized by PEPC to produce C acids. Bioengineering of C traits into C crops is an attractive strategy to increase photosynthesis and water use efficiency.

Derivatives of Cinnamic Acid Esters and Terpenic Diversity in Volatiles of Thirty-Six Sand Ginger ( L.) Accessions of Eastern India Revealing Quality Chemovars.

The essential oil of L. commonly known as sand ginger has increased its demand in national and international market for decades. Cinnamic acid esters like ethyl--methoxy cinnamate (EPMC) and ethyl cinnamate (EC) are major constituents in its essential oil.

Potential role of Indian long pepper ( L.) volatiles against free radicals and multidrug resistant isolates.

In the present study, the extracted volatiles from dried leaf and fruit of were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and each detected 53 constituents having 92.41% and 96.31% of the total volatiles respectively.

Morphophysiological alterations in transgenic rice lines expressing PPDK and ME genes from the C4 model Setaria italica.

C4 plants are superior to C3 plants in terms of productivity and limited photorespiration. PPDK (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) and NADP-ME (NADP-dependent malic enzyme) are two important photosynthetic C4-specific enzymes present in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants. To evaluate the effect of C4 enzymes in rice, we developed transgenic rice lines by separately introducing Setaria italica PPDK [SiPPDK] and S.

Role of sedoheptulose-1,7 bisphosphatase in low light tolerance of rice ( L.).

Rice grain yield is drastically reduced under low light especially in (wet) season due to cloudy weather during most part of crop growth. Therefore, 50-60% of yield penalty was observed. To overcome this problem, identification of low light tolerant rice genotypes with a high buffering capacity trait such as photosynthetic rate has to be developed.

DNA as a digital information storage device: hope or hype?

The total digital information today amounts to 3.52 × 10 bits globally, and at its consistent exponential rate of growth is expected to reach 3 × 10 bits by 2040. Data storage density of silicon chips is limited, and magnetic tapes used to maintain large-scale permanent archives begin to deteriorate within 20 years.

A Clinical Study of Opioid Substitution Therapy in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern India.

Background: Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is an evidence-based intervention for opiate-dependent persons that replaces illicit drug use with medically prescribed, orally administered opiates such as buprenorphine and methadone. OST reduces HIV risk behaviors and harms associated with injecting opioid. Most of the evidence for OST effectiveness has been generated in middle- and high-income countries where programs are mostly located in dedicated health-care settings; evidence regarding the outcomes of OST programs in low-income countries where OST is often provided in grassroots settings such as drop-in centers is limited.