Influence of acute heat mitigation strategies on core temperature, heart rate and aerobic performance in females: A systematic literature review.

This review examined the effect of acute heat mitigation strategies on physiological strain and exercise performance in females exercising in the heat. Three databases were searched for original research with an acute heat mitigation (intervention) and control strategy in active females and reporting core temperature, heart rate and/or aerobic exercise performance/capacity with ≥ 24°C wet bulb globe temperature. Hedges' effect sizes were calculated to evaluate outcomes.

Re-Examining the Predictive Validity and Establishing Risk Levels for the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression: Youth Version.

The Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression: Youth Version (DASA:YV) is a brief instrument, most often used by nurses and was specifically designed to assess risk of imminent violence in youth settings. To date, it has been recommended that DASA:YV scores are interpreted in a linear manner, with high scores indicating a greater level of risk and therefore need more assertive and immediate intervention. This study re-analyses an existing data set using contemporary robust data analytic procedures to examine the predictive validity of the DASA:YV, and to determine appropriate risk bands.

Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings.

Background: Depression is common amongst older people residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Currently, most residents treated for depression are prescribed antidepressant medications, despite the potential availability of psychological therapies that are suitable for older people and a preference amongst many older people for non-pharmacological treatment approaches.

Objectives: To assess the effect of psychological therapies for depression in older people living in LTC settings, in comparison with treatment as usual, waiting list control, and non-specific attentional control; and to compare the effectiveness of different types of psychological therapies in this setting.

Exercise prescription variables predict reductions in pain intensity in adults with chronic low back pain: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: The relationship between exercise training variables and clinical outcomes in low back pain (LBP) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between exercise training parameters and pain intensity in individuals with chronic LBP.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a previously reported randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of general strength and conditioning to motor control exercises and manual therapy.

The association between trichotillomania symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Emotion regulation is postulated to play an important role in Trichotillomania (TTM). Whilst a growing number of studies have examined the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and TTM symptoms, there have been no attempts to evaluate the overall strength of this association or the quality of the evidence base.

Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise findings from studies that have examined the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and TTM symptoms, to inform future TTM treatment targets.

How to Interpret Effect Sizes for Biopsychosocial Outcomes and Implications for Current Research.

Biopsychosocial factors are associated with pain, but they can be difficult to compare. One way of comparing them is to use standardized mean differences. Previously, these effects sizes have been termed as small, medium, or large, if they are bigger than or equal to, respectively, .

Data-driven lifestyle patterns and risk of dementia in older Australian women.

Introduction: Many lifestyle factors have been associated with dementia, but there is limited evidence of how these group together. The aim of this study was to examine the clustering of lifestyle behaviors and associations with dementia.

Methods: This population-based study included 9947 older Australian women.

An Intersectional Approach to Quantifying the Impact of Geographic Remoteness and Health Disparities on Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy: Application to Australia.

Objectives: An intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) is a novel method for exploring the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics that affect health outcomes. This study explores the interaction between geographic remoteness and socioeconomic status on health outcomes in Australia from an intersectional perspective.

Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey were matched with data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

Self and proxy (parents and teachers') reports of child motor competence: A three-year longitudinal study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to: 1) analyse the longitudinal trends in the evolution of the association between children's actual and perceived motor competence (AMC and PMC, respectively) according to the source of information: children, parents, and Physical Education (PE) teachers; 2) assess whether children, parents, and PE teachers can report on children's AMC longitudinally (considering the children's age, sex, and the type of motor competence).

Design And Method: A sample of 108 typically developing Spanish children (47.12% girls) from five schools participated in this study.

Evidence- and data-driven classification of low back pain via artificial intelligence: Protocol of the PREDICT-LBP study.

In patients presenting with low back pain (LBP), once specific causes are excluded (fracture, infection, inflammatory arthritis, cancer, cauda equina and radiculopathy) many clinicians pose a diagnosis of non-specific LBP. Accordingly, current management of non-specific LBP is generic. There is a need for a classification of non-specific LBP that is both data- and evidence-based assessing multi-dimensional pain-related factors in a large sample size.

Heat Adaptation for Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physiological Adaptations and Exercise Performance in the Heat.

Background: Heat adaptation regimes are used to prepare athletes for exercise in hot conditions to limit a decrement in exercise performance. However, the heat adaptation literature mostly focuses on males, and consequently, current heat adaptation guidelines may not be optimal for females when accounting for the biological and phenotypical differences between sexes.

Objectives: We aimed to examine: (1) the effects of heat adaptation on physiological adaptations in females; (2) the impact of heat adaptation on performance test outcomes in the heat; and (3) the impact of various moderators, including duration (minutes and/or days), total heat dose (°Cmin), exercise intensity (kcalmin), total energy expended (kcal), frequency of heat exposures and training status on the physiological adaptations in the heat.

Longitudinal relationships between sub-clinical depression, sub-clinical eating disorders and health-related quality of life in early adolescence.

Objective: A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between depressive symptoms and eating disorder (ED) symptoms requires consideration of additional variables that may influence this relationship. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been associated with both depression and EDs; however, there is limited evidence to demonstrate how all three variables interact over time. This study sought to explore the bi-directional relationships between depressive symptoms, ED symptoms and HRQOL in a large community sample of young adolescents METHOD: Adolescents (N = 1393) aged between 11 and 14 years (M = 12.

Statistical Approaches for the Analysis of Combined Health-Related Factors in Association with Adult Cognitive Outcomes: A Scoping Review.

Background: Dementia prevention is a global health priority, and there is emerging evidence to support associations between individual modifiable health behaviors and cognitive function and dementia risk. However, a key property of these behaviors is they often co-occur or cluster, highlighting the importance of examining them in combination.

Objective: To identify and characterize the statistical approaches used to aggregate multiple health-related behaviors/modifiable risk factors and assess associations with cognitive outcomes in adults.

The incidence of pediatric ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite its importance in being among the top 10 causes of childhood death, there is limited data on the incidence of stroke in children and whether this has changed over time.

Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the worldwide incidence rate of pediatric ischemic stroke, identify population differences, and assess trends in incidence.

Methods: We screened three databases (Medline, Embase, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) and a Google Search was performed up to October 2021.

Assessing safety and treatment efficacy of running on intervertebral discs (ASTEROID) in adults with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Poor intervertebral disc (IVD) health is associated with low back pain (LBP). This 12-week parallel randomised controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a progressive interval running programme on IVD health and other clinical outcomes in adults with chronic LBP. Participants will be randomised to either a digitally delivered progressive interval running programme or waitlist control.

The role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the longitudinal association between stressful life events and allostatic load in Australian adults.

Allostatic load is a model that is used to quantify the physiological damage from exposure to stressors. Stressful life events are chronic stressors that can lead to an elevated allostatic load through the physiological and behavioral stress responses. However, there is limited empirical studies that has tested the proposed behavioural pathway.

Associations between data-driven lifestyle profiles and cognitive function in the AusDiab study.

Background: Mounting evidence highlights the importance of combined modifiable lifestyle factors in reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Several a priori additive scoring approaches have been established; however, limited research has employed advanced data-driven approaches to explore this association. This study aimed to examine the association between data-driven lifestyle profiles and cognitive function in community-dwelling Australian adults.

Improving the accuracy of discharge medication documentation in people with kidney disease through pharmacist-led partnered prescribing.

Background: Inaccurate medication documentation in prescriptions and discharge summaries produce poorer patient outcomes, are costly to healthcare systems and result in more readmissions to hospital. Errors in medication documentation are common in Australian hospitals.

Aim: To determine whether pharmacist-led partnered prescribing (PPP) on discharge reduced errors and improved accuracy in documentation of medications in the discharge prescription and the discharge summary of people with kidney disease compared with medical prescribing (MP).

Preterm Delivery and Increased Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Australian Women.

Women with a history of preterm delivery (PTD) have significantly increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. However, the risk of long-term recurrence of CVD in this population remains unknown. The study was based on a cohort of Victorian women who had a singleton birth between 1999 and 2008.

Cost-effectiveness of LiveLighter® - a mass media public education campaign for obesity prevention.

Background: The Western Australian LiveLighter® program has implemented a series of mass media advertising campaigns that aim to encourage adults to achieve and maintain a healthy weight through healthy behaviours. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the LiveLighter® campaign in preventing obesity-related ill health in the Western Australian population from the health sector perspective.

Methods: Campaign effectiveness (delivered over 12 months) was estimated from a meta-analysis of two cohort studies that surveyed a representative sample of the Western Australian population aged 25-49 years on discretionary food consumption one month pre- and one month post-campaign.

Most common principal diagnoses assigned to Australian emergency department presentations involving alcohol use: a multi-centre study.

Objectives: Alcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in Australia and the consequences of alcohol consumption have enormous personal and social impacts. This study aimed to describe the principal diagnoses of emergency department (ED) presentations involving alcohol use in the previous 12 hours at eight hospitals in Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Methods: Twelve months' data (1 July 2018 - 30 June 2019) were collected from eight EDs, including demographics, ICD-10 codes, hospital location and self-reported drinking in the preceding 12 hours.

Associations between three diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition: A prospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity are independent predictors of body composition, yet few cohort studies have examined the association between overall diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition. This study examined the prospective association of three diet quality indices and a polygenic risk score (PRS) with trunk fat mass, total fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral content.

Methods: Adults from UK Biobank cohort were included.