Metavac-RSV mucosal bivalent vaccine candidate protects cotton rats against pneumoviruses and is produced using serum-free cell culture in bioreactor.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are the main etiologic agents of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children and the elderly. As live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) can stimulate robust mucosal and cellular responses, we previously engineered an HMPV-based bivalent LAV Metavac®-RSV candidate and reported its capacity to protect mice against HMPV and RSV challenges after intranasal delivery. To progress towards clinical development, we identified a GMP-grade Vero cell platform as permissive and efficient to produce high yields of functional Metavac®-RSV, expressing both RSV and HMPV F antigen after several passages.

Comparing standard versus intensified pneumococcal vaccination regimens in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on biologics: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label study.

Background And Aims: Pneumococcal vaccination is essential for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its efficacy is reduced in those on antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) or immunosuppressive therapy. This study compared immune responses to standard versus intensified pneumococcal vaccination strategies in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF (±immunosuppressors) or vedolizumab.

Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, randomized open-label study across 7 French university hospitals, IBD patients in clinical remission on biologic therapy (anti-TNF ± immunosuppressors, or vedolizumab) were randomized 1:1 to an intensified (PCV13/PCV13/PPSV23) or standard (PCV13/PPSV23) regimen.

Diversity of immunization strongly impacts SARS-CoV-2 antibody function surrogates.

System serology offers a comprehensive approach to evaluate the humoral immune response by evaluating multiple parameters. In the present study, based on four groups of individuals with a different history of SARS-CoV-2 immunization, we analyzed the serum of 180 individuals based on six serological methods to better decipher their immunity. Through our analysis, against different SARS-CoV-2 antigens or variants, we report the importance of system serology to better decipher population immunity.

Pilot study of ABO-isogroup or universal plasma pools with or without pathogen reduction treatment.

Background: In France, a standardized procedure has been introduced in which 5 units of plasma derived from whole blood are pooled into two equal volumes for pathogen reduction treatment (PRT). This method produces 6 fresh frozen plasmas treated with Amotosalen and Ultraviolet A (UVA) (FFP-A/UVA) from 5 native plasmas, reducing treatment time and disposable set costs, standardizing products, and decreasing adverse events by diluting allergens, cytokines, and antibodies.

Materials And Methods: This study aimed i) to compare concentrations of Factor VIII, fibrinogen, and soluble inflammatory factors in ABO-isogroup or universal plasma pools with or without A/UVA PRT, and ii) to evaluate the profile and standardization of plasma units in mini-pools (5 units) and maxi-pools (10 units).

Editing B cells at the IGHA2 gene position provides alternative route to therapeutic IgA production.

As professional and long-lived immunoglobulin (Ig) producers, B cells represent attractive candidates for adoptive immunotherapy and their highly expressed Ig heavy (IgH) chain locus is ideal for editing. Each of its constant genes, expressed after class switch recombination (CSR), affords an attractive platform where an adoptive Ig variable domain would acquire IgM, IgG, IgE or IgA class-specific functions. In particular, IgA plays a unique role in mucosal immunity but has remained excluded from therapeutic applicability due to unfavorable chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) issues.

Development and evaluation of two whole-blood flow cytometry protocols for monitoring patients treated with JAK inhibitors.

Introduction: The clinical efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) is highly variable and their safety profiles are poorly understood.

Methods: We established two flow cytometry panels for the assessment of two promising leukocyte biomarkers: signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation and cytokine receptor expression. We evaluated the first panel, which assesses phosphorylation levels for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 after cytokine stimulation, with or without pretreatment with JAKinibs, in 10 healthy donors.

Intranasal spike and nucleoprotein fusion protein-based vaccine provides cross-protection and reduced transmission against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The effectiveness of intramuscular vaccines aimed at preventing severe COVID-19 remains limited due to waning immunity and the emergence of novel variants. Next-generation vaccines are needed for broader protection and blocking virus transmission. Here, we rationally designed an original nasal subunit vaccine composed of a fusion protein (SwFN) made of Wuhan spike and nucleoprotein combined with biocompatible mucosal nanocarriers (Nc).

BA.1 breakthrough infection elicits distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in vaccinated-only versus hybrid immunity individuals.

Immune memory is influenced by the frequency and type of antigenic challenges. Here, we performed a cross-sectional comparison of immune parameters following a BA.1 breakthrough infection in individuals with prior hybrid immunity (conferred by infection and vaccination) versus those solely vaccinated in a cohort of health care workers in Lyon, France.

Cytokine Signature Unveils Subgroups of Patients With Immune-Mediated Sensory Neuronopathies.

Background And Aims: Immune-mediated sensory neuronopathies (SNN) can occur alongside autoimmune disorders (e.g., Sjögren syndrome), involve autoantibodies (such as anti-FGFR3 or anti-AGO antibodies), or present in isolation.

The antibody repertoire of autoimmune sensory neuronopathies targets pathways of the innate and adaptive immune system. An autoantigenomic approach.

Sensory neuronopathies (SNN) encompass diverse etiologies, with autoimmunity playing a major role through both cellular and humoral responses. To investigate the humoral autoantibody repertoire in autoimmune SNN, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using large Human Proteome-wide protein microarrays (HuProt 3.1, HuProt 4.

Avolition Characterizes the Chronic Fatigue Experienced in Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Avolition is a symptom responsible for a high burden in patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. It refers to a motivation loss for initiating and maintaining goal-directed activities, often called fatigue by patients. Fatigue is a widespread complaint of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), significantly impacting patients' well-being, even during the quiescent stage of the disease.

Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19.

Several studies have investigated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing particularly on the systemic humoral immune response and the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgA antibodies play a crucial role in protecting against respiratory viral infections but have also been associated with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. We performed a prospective study of 169 COVID-19 patients - 50 with critical/severe (ICU), 47 with moderate (Non-ICU), and 72 with asymptomatic COVID-19 - to explore the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Canine mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) characterization by sc-RNAseq: insights compared to human and mouse MLNs.

In the human and veterinary fields, oral vaccines generate considerable interest. In dogs, these vaccines are newly developed, and understanding their mechanisms is crucial. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) are important sites for gastrointestinal mucosal induction, yet canine MLNs lack sufficient information.

Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections.

SUMMARYHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a burden for public health with a high prevalence and high death rates associated with them. Pathogens with a high potential for antimicrobial resistance, such as ESKAPE pathogens ( and ) and , are responsible for most HAIs. Despite the implementation of infection prevention and control intervention, globally, HAIs prevalence is stable and they are mainly due to endogenous pathogens.

Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4T cells predicts humoral and CD8T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration.

Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is Associated With Increased Drug Persistence in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Intravenous Vedolizumab.

Background: There are limited data regarding therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of non-anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of proactive TDM in IBD patients treated with intravenous (iv) vedolizumab (VDZ).

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive IBD patients treated with maintenance iv VDZ therapy undergoing TDM from November 2016 to March 2023.

Mucosal bivalent live attenuated vaccine protects against human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in mice.

Live-Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs) stimulate robust mucosal and cellular responses and have the potential to protect against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), the main etiologic agents of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. We inserted the RSV-F gene into an HMPV-based LAV (Metavac®) we previously validated for the protection of mice against HMPV challenge, and rescued a replicative recombinant virus (Metavac®-RSV), exposing both RSV- and HMPV-F proteins at the virion surface and expressing them in reconstructed human airway epithelium models. When administered to BALB/c mice by the intranasal route, bivalent Metavac®-RSV demonstrated its capacity to replicate with reduced lung inflammatory score and to protect against both RSV and lethal HMPV challenges in vaccinated mice while inducing strong IgG and broad RSV and HMPV neutralizing antibody responses.

Circulating immunoglobulins and transient lymphocytopenia in a sub-study of CAPRISA 012B, testing HIV monoclonal antibodies in a phase 1 trial.

Acute, transient lymphocytopenia, not clinically significant was observed in the CAPRISA 012B phase 1 clinical trial following administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb)-CAP256V2LS alone or with VRC07-523LS. Lymphocytopenia was assigned upon a > 50% decline in absolute lymphocyte counts following bnAb administration. We posited that systemic immunoglobulins (Igs), and cytokine profiles of eight women who developed lymphocytopenia were different to the 12 women without lymphocytopenia.

New methods to unveil host-microbe interaction mechanisms along the microbiota-gut-brain-axis.

Links between the gut microbiota and human health have been supported throughout numerous studies, such as the development of neurological disease disorders. This link is referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" and is the focus of an emerging field of research. Microbial-derived metabolites and gut and neuro-immunological metabolites regulate this axis in health and many diseases.

Risankizumab Concentration but not IL-22 Levels Are Associated With Clinical and Biochemical Remission in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Risankizumab (RZB) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)-23. The ADVANCE and MOTIVATE randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated that intravenous (IV) RZB compared with placebo led to higher rates of clinical remission and endoscopic response at week 12 in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). The phase III FORTIFY RCT showed that subcutaneous (SC) RZB was significantly more effective than placebo for achieving clinical remission and endoscopic response as maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe active CD.

Serum and Salivary IgG and IgA Response After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination.

Importance: There is still considerable controversy in the literature regarding the capacity of intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination to induce a mucosal immune response.

Objective: To compare serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels among mRNA-vaccinated individuals with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2-naive participants and those with previous infection were consecutively included in the CoviCompare P and CoviCompare M mRNA vaccination trials and followed up to day 180 after vaccination with either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine at the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (from February 19 to June 8, 2021) in France.