Inflammation induced by lipid mediators and protein from transfusion products.

Purpose Of The Review: Platelet and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, whether used as prophylactic measures or therapeutic interventions, are critical for saving lives. However, the composition of platelet and RBC concentrates used for transfusion may contribute to adverse reactions following transfusion.

Recent Finding: Recent studies on platelet and RBC concentrates have focused on their composition, including lipid mediators and proteins such as cytokines and chemokines, and their potential role in transfusion-related adverse reactions.

Donor-reported stress type affects inflammatory blood markers prior to donation.

Background And Objectives: Psychosocial stressors may contribute to inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess soluble inflammatory markers in blood donors' while they donated, focusing on perceived stress from family, work or from the act of donating.

Materials And Methods: Donors answered yes/no questions about stress (family, work, or donation-related) and rated puncture pain (0-9).

Pilot study of ABO-isogroup or universal plasma pools with or without pathogen reduction treatment.

Background: In France, a standardized procedure has been introduced in which 5 units of plasma derived from whole blood are pooled into two equal volumes for pathogen reduction treatment (PRT). This method produces 6 fresh frozen plasmas treated with Amotosalen and Ultraviolet A (UVA) (FFP-A/UVA) from 5 native plasmas, reducing treatment time and disposable set costs, standardizing products, and decreasing adverse events by diluting allergens, cytokines, and antibodies.

Materials And Methods: This study aimed i) to compare concentrations of Factor VIII, fibrinogen, and soluble inflammatory factors in ABO-isogroup or universal plasma pools with or without A/UVA PRT, and ii) to evaluate the profile and standardization of plasma units in mini-pools (5 units) and maxi-pools (10 units).

Association of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels with donor's age, sex and ABO blood group in single-donor apheresis platelet concentrates.

Background And Objectives: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein expressed by various cell types and recognized as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). DAMPs play a pivotal role in driving inflammatory responses. Platelet-derived HMGB1 has been associated with severe adverse reactions following platelet concentrate transfusions, underscoring its clinical relevance.

Indications and contraindications to platelet-rich plasma injections in musculoskeletal diseases in case of infectious, oncological and haematological comorbidities: A 2025 formal consensus from the GRIIP (International Research Group on Platelet Injections).

Purpose: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could be a vector for certain diseases, and its composition may vary by pathologic condition. The main comorbidities that could affect PRP composition are infectious, oncologic and haematologic. In addition to potential alteration of clinical response, these pathologies could have a significant impact on the local tolerance of PRP as well as a risk of disease dissemination to the injection site.

The composition of single-donor apheresis platelet concentrates is influenced by the age of the donor.

The aging population often faces health issues that sometimes necessitate transfusions. Transfusion services are increasingly concerned about the rising number of transfusions and the aging donor population, as both factors are crucial in maintaining the quality of blood donations. In this context, our study aims to measure the bioactive molecule cytokine levels in single donor apheresis platelet concentrates (SDA-PC) based on the donor's age and to determine whether these cytokines, in conjunction with the donor age, could contribute to transfusion adverse reactions (AR).

Remodeling of immune system functions by extracellular vesicles.

Introduction: The treatment of chronic viral infections can often bring viral replication under control. However, chronic immune activation persists and can lead to the development of comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. This is particularly true for people living with HIV (PLWH), who have significantly more extracellular vesicles from membrane budding, also called plasma microparticles (MPs), than healthy individuals (HDs), and a much more immunomodulatory phenotype.

Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19.

Background: Immunological disturbances (anti-type I IFN auto-antibody production, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, T-cell hyperactivation and exhaustion) are responsible for disease exacerbation during severe COVID-19 infections.

Methods: In this study, we set up a prospective, randomised clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04751643) and performed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in severe COVID-19 patients in order to decrease excess cytokines and auto-antibodies and to assess whether adding TPE to the standard treatment (ST, including corticosteroids plus high-flow rate oxygen) could help restore immune parameters and limit the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Identification of new bioactive molecules in platelet preparation, storage, and transfusion reactions for improved transfusion management.

Platelet concentrates (PCs) intended for transfusion contain bioactive molecules that can be considered Biological Response Modifiers (BRMs), mainly originating from plasma regardless of the preparation process. During storage, NGAL and GDF-15 levels increase in single donor apheresis platelet concentrates (SDA-PC), whereas in buffy coat platelet concentrates (BC-PC), the levels of MIP1α, MCP-3, and HSAA increase, and GDF-15 levels decrease. These molecules, primarily released by leukocytes, may contribute to adverse reactions (ARs) following a PC transfusion.

Immunoregulatory molecule expression on extracellular microvesicles in people living with HIV.

Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) now benefit from combined antiviral treatments that durably control viral replication. These antiretroviral treatments decrease mortality and improve quality of life in PLWH, but do not completely control the excessive non-specific activation of the immune system in PLWH. This chronic immune activation is a key element of HIV immunopathology that contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammatory comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases.

In platelet single donor apheresis, platelet factor 4 levels correlated with donor's age and decreased during storage.

The human population is ageing worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that the world's population of people aged 60 years and older will increase to at least 30%, coinciding with a growing frequency of cognitive and cardiovascular disease. Recently, in preclinical studies platelet Factor 4 (PF4) was presented as a pro-cognitive factor.

Blood-brain crosstalk: the roles of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil extracellular traps in neuropathologies.

Systemic inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy often occur concurrently in neuropathologies. Neutrophils and platelets have crucial synergistic roles in thromboinflammation and are increasingly suspected as effector cells contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles of platelet-neutrophil interactions in triggering complex pathophysiological events affecting the brain that may lead to the disruption of brain barriers, infiltration of toxic factors into the parenchyma, and amplification of neuroinflammation through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

The efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in COVID-19 patients on endothelial tightness is hindered by platelet activation.

Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is characterised in particular by vascular inflammation with platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. During the pandemic, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was used to reduce the cytokine storm in the circulation and delay or prevent ICU admissions. This procedure consists in replacing the inflammatory plasma by fresh frozen plasma from healthy donors and is often used to remove pathogenic molecules from plasma (autoantibodies, immune complexes, toxins, etc.