Developmental Progression of Inhibitory Control and Flexible Problem-Solving among Infants with Histories of Preterm Birth.

Introduction: Inhibitory control during visually guided reaching allows for the development of flexible problem-solving in healthy infants born at term. Inhibitory control is often impaired among older children born preterm, but the developmental trajectory of inhibitory control in infants born preterm is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental trajectory of inhibitory control on the Object Retrieval Task in infants born preterm.

Vitamin C for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy.

In this commentary, we provide additional context to interpret the findings reported on the manuscript by Liu et al., "Neuroprotective effects of vitamin C on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice" published in this issue of Pediatric Research. IMPACT: Vitamin C is an anti-oxidant with anti-inflammatory effects, which may be neuroprotective against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in a preterm mouse model Several experimental caveats include the timing of intervention, model use and side effects.

Seizures May Worsen Outcomes of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Longitudinal Serum Biomarkers Study.

Background: Understanding if neonatal seizures (Sz) worsen brain injury and outcomes would optimize treatment decisions. We hypothesized that serum central nervous system-specific biomarkers would discriminate neonates with Sz and relate to outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (April 2009 to November 2019), including neonates in three groups: (1) only Sz without HIE (Sz-no HIE), (2) HIE with Sz (Sz-HIE), and (3) HIE without Sz (no Sz-HIE).

Longitudinal Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) Trajectories in Children with Cerebral Palsy Identified in High-Risk Follow-Up.

: The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) is a standardized neurologic exam for infants between 2 and 24 months. Scores can be compared to optimality cutoffs as one component to support an early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). Some prognosis is also possible for infants diagnosed with CP.

Factors affecting early childhood growth in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

Introduction: There is an extensive body of research regarding neurological outcomes following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH), with limited data on growth outcomes. We examined perinatal characteristics associated with postnatal growth in this population.

Methods: Convenience cohort of 66 infants with HIE who underwent TH and participated in follow-up at 24 months of age were included.

Preschool Language Outcomes following Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Age of Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Early studies following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) suggested expressive language deficits and academic difficulties, but there is only limited detailed study of language development in this population since the widespread adoption of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Expressive and receptive language testing was performed as part of a larger battery with 45 children with a mean age of 26 months following perinatal HIE treated with TH. Overall cohort outcomes as well as the effects of gender, estimated household income, initial pH and base excess, and pattern of injury on neonatal brain MRI were assessed.