Healthcare seeking behavior and antibiotic use for diarrhea among children in rural Bangladesh before seeking care at a healthcare facility.

Appropriate healthcare utilization and compliance with the WHO treatment guidelines can significantly reduce diarrhea-related childhood mortality and morbidity, while overuse of antibiotics notably increases antibiotic resistance. We studied care-seeking behavior and antibiotic use for childhood diarrhea by analyzing data from 8294 diarrheal episodes of 1-59-month-old children visiting a tertiary-care hospital in rural Bangladesh. Overall, 55% of the study children received antibiotics, while only 6% had dysentery.

Factors influencing post-diarrhea growth patterns among children under two years old in rural Bangladesh.

Unlabelled: Undernutrition in children is a major global health issue. Diarrhea exacerbates undernutrition, creating a vicious cycle of infection and malnutrition. This longitudinal study examined growth patterns and influencing factors among 138 children following diarrhea.

Two clinical subgroups of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis determined by latent class analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer treatment can cause inflammatory arthritis (IA). Since ICI-IA has a unique pathogenesis, applying categories of traditional IA may be of limited use.

Methods: Participants were ≥18 years old, treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and/or anti-CTLA-4 agents, and had ICI-IA diagnosed by a rheumatologist.

Exploring Preferences, Concerns, and Implementation of Different Long-Acting Antiretroviral Strategies for Youth with HIV Facing Adherence Challenges.

Youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (YHIV) aged 13-25 often struggle with adherence to daily oral antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens. Recently approved intramuscular injectable long-acting ART (LA-ART) may promote adherence and improve longitudinal health outcomes. The study explores the willingness to use LA-ART strategies among YHIV.

Healthcare seeking behavior and antibiotic use for diarrhea among children in rural Bangladesh before seeking care at a healthcare facility.

Appropriate healthcare utilization and compliance with the WHO treatment guidelines can significantly reduce diarrhea-related childhood mortality and morbidity, while overuse of antibiotics notably increases antibiotic resistance. We studied care-seeking behavior and antibiotic use for childhood diarrhea by analyzing data from 8294 diarrheal episodes of 1-59-month-old children visiting a tertiary-care hospital in rural Bangladesh. Overall, 55% of the study children received antibiotics, while only 6% had dysentery.

Effective coverage for maternal health: operationalising effective coverage cascades for antenatal care and nutrition interventions for pregnant women in seven low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Efforts to improve maternal health have focused on measuring health and nutrition service coverage. Despite improvements in service coverage, maternal mortality rates remain high. This suggests that coverage indicators alone do not fully capture the quality of care and may overestimate the health benefits of a service.

Correlation between changes in apathy and cognition in Alzheimer's disease associated apathy: Analysis of the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2).

Background: Previous trials have shown improvements in both apathy and cognition with methylphenidate (MPH).

Objectives: To assess whether changes in apathy correlated with changes in cognition in the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2).

Participants: Mild to moderate AD patients with clinically significant apathy randomized to MPH (20 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months.

Impact of Psilocybin on Peripheral Cytokine Production.

Background: Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug with potential therapeutic effects in patients with mood and substance use disorders. Little is known about its impact on the immune system.

Methods: Multiplex immunoassay pro-inflammatory cytokine panels (Meso-Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD) were used to examine the serum from participants in three separate randomized controlled clinical trials (randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) wherein a range of doses of psilocybin were administered (methods reported previously).

Formative Research for Adapting the Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) Water Treatment and Hygiene Mobile Health Program for Scalable Delivery in Rural Bangladesh.

The Cholera-Hospital-based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) mobile health (mHealth) program is a targeted water treatment and hygiene (WASH) program for the household members of diarrhea patients, initiated in the healthcare facility with a single in-person visit and reinforced through weekly voice and text messages for 3 months. A recent randomized controlled trial of the CHoBI7 mHealth program in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh, found that this intervention significantly increased WASH behaviors and reduced diarrhea prevalence. The objective of this present study was to conduct formative research using an implementation science framework to adapt the CHoBI7 mHealth program for scalable implementation in rural Bangladesh, and to promote construction of self-made handwashing stations (CHoBI7 Scale-up program).

Epidemiologic and Genomic Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae and Effectiveness of Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

We conducted 4 years of epidemiologic and genomic surveillance of single-dose effectiveness of a killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) and Vibrio cholerae transmission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We enrolled 1,154 patients with diarrhea; 342 of those had culture-confirmed cholera. We performed whole-genome sequencing on clinical and water V.

A psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety decreases functional disability among pregnant Pakistani women: A moderated mediation approach using data from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Given that anxiety is associated with functional disability, we investigated whether an intervention designed to reduce prenatal anxiety could improve functional disability in the postpartum period. We also examined whether perceived social support in the third trimester mediated this relationship, and if the extent of the mediation differed by economic empowerment.

Methods: We included 590 pregnant Pakistani women with at least mild anxiety symptoms to a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Technology-Enhanced Community Health Nursing Program for Adolescent Girls and Young Adult Women With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) disproportionately impacts adolescents and young adult women. The Technology-Enhanced Community Health Nursing (TECH-N) trial demonstrated the potential benefit of a novel community health intervention for adolescents with PID. We assess the cost-effectiveness of TECH-N compared with standard care.

Effectiveness of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine: findings from epidemiological and genomic surveillance of in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (PICHA7 Program).

This study investigated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) single-dose effectiveness and transmission dynamics of through 4 years of epidemiological and genomic surveillance in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Whole genome sequencing was performed on clinical and water strains from 200 patient households and found annual bimodal peaks of clade AFR10e. 1154 diarrhea patients were enrolled with 342 culture confirmed cholera patients.

Epidemiology of Infections in the Households of Cholera Patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: PICHA7 Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study is to build evidence on transmission dynamics and risk factors for infections in cholera patient households.

Methods: Household contacts of cholera patients were observed for 1-month after the index cholera patient was admitted to a health facility for stool, serum, and water collection in urban Bukavu in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A infection was defined as a bacterial culture positive result during the 1-month surveillance period and/or a four-fold rise in a O1 serological antibody from baseline to the 1-month follow-up.

SOX-5 Transcription Factor: a Novel Psoriatic Autoantigen Preferentially Found in Women.

Objective: Adaptive immunity mediates psoriatic disease pathogenesis. We aimed to identify novel psoriatic autoantigens and their phenotypic associations in deeply characterized patient cohorts.

Methods: Sera from psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients were used for autoantibody discovery.

Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence and Maternal-Infant Bonding in Women With Anxiety Symptoms in Pakistan: The Moderating Role of Breastfeeding.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during the perinatal period can negatively affect both a woman's health and the bonding with her infant. Research on IPV among pregnant women experiencing psychological distress in South Asia is limited. We examined associations between perinatal exposure to IPV and postnatal maternal-infant bonding in Pakistani women with symptoms of anxiety and assessed if breastfeeding practices moderated these associations.

Evaluating the Associations Among Dysautonomia, Gastrointestinal Transit, and Clinical Phenotype in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: Our objective was to identify patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a high burden of autonomic symptoms and to determine whether they have a distinct clinical phenotype, gastrointestinal (GI) transit, or extraintestinal features.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of patients with SSc with GI disease, clinical data were systematically obtained at routine visits. Dysautonomia was identified by the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS)-31questionnaire.

Impact of an intervention for perinatal anxiety on breastfeeding: findings from the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby randomized controlled trial in Pakistan.

Background: The study examined the effects of Happy Mother-Healthy Baby (HMHB), a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention on breastfeeding outcomes for Pakistani women with prenatal anxiety.

Methods: Breastfeeding practices were evaluated in a randomized controlled trial between 2019 and 2022 in a public hospital in Pakistan. The intervention group was randomized to receive six HMHB sessions targeted towards prenatal anxiety (with breastfeeding discussed in the final session), while both groups also received enhanced usual care.

Adapting the log quadratic model to estimate age- and cause-specific mortality among neonates.

Introduction: Estimates for cause-specific mortality for neonates are generally available for all countries for neonates overall (0 to 28 days). However, cause-specific mortality is generally not being estimated at higher age resolution for neonates, despite evidence of heterogeneity in the causes of deaths during this period. We aimed to use the adapted log quadratic model in a setting where verbal autopsy was the primary means of determining cause of death.

Effect of a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program on Handwashing with a Cleansing Agent among Diarrhea Patients and Attendants in Healthcare Facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Randomized Pilot of the PICHA7 Program.

Healthcare-acquired infections are a major problem in healthcare facility settings around the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has over 2 million diarrhea patients hospitalized each year. These healthcare settings become high-risk environments for spreading diarrheal illnesses such as cholera.

Results of a cognitive behavior therapy-based intervention for antenatal anxiety on birth outcomes in Pakistan: a randomized control trial.

Antenatal anxiety is among the risk factors for adverse birth outcomes, which are common in Pakistan. Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby program, designed to reduce anxiety during pregnancy through use of Cognitive Behavior Therapy, on birth outcomes with 796 women in Rwalpindi, Pakistan. We performed intent-to-treat analysis and per protocol analyses.