A Pre-Registered, Open Pipeline for Early Cerebral Palsy Risk Assessment from Infant Videos.

Cerebral Palsy (CP), affecting approximately 1 in 500 children due to abnormal brain development, impacts movement control. Early risk assessment via the General Movements Assessment (GMA) at 3-4 months is highly predictive for CP but relies on trained clinicians. Machine-learning-based approaches for predicting GMA score from video have shown considerable promise, but are not openly available and rely on fine-tuned pre-processing steps, hand-crafted feature sets, and experimenter-driven hyperparameter selection.

Darbepoetin, Red Cell Mass, and Neuroprotection in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous studies suggest that administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents darbepoetin or erythropoietin to preterm infants results in fewer transfusions, fewer donor exposures, and improved neurodevelopmental outcome.

Objective: To determine if, compared with placebo, preterm infants randomized to weekly darbepoetin would have greater red cell mass during hospitalization and better neurocognitive outcome at 22 to 26 months' corrected age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted between September 2017 and November 2019 for infants 23 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks' gestation in 19 US Neonatal Research Network centers comprising 33 neonatal intensive care units.

Parental Perspectives on Development in Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Objectives: To understand how parents form assessments of their children's development following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to explore why these assessments may differ from the physicians' assessments.

Study Design: We used semi-structured interviews to explore where parents obtained information about development and how they integrated that information to form an overall appraisal of their child's developmental status.

Results: Based on 23 interviews with parents, we learned that discharge from the NICU demarcated 2 separate phases of appraising development.

Supportive Elements and Challenges to Return to Work Following a Concussion: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aims to comprehensively explore the facilitators and barriers influencing the return to work (RTW) process following a concussion, with a focus on the person impacted by concussion, medical system, funder, and workplace domains.

Design: A scoping review of electronic databases, including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to April 6, 2024. Studies were included if they examined factors influencing RTW following a concussion and were available in English.

Unconditional cash transfers to low-income preterm infants and their families: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs)-no strings attached monthly payments-to low-income families may reduce financial stress and improve health outcomes. We sought to determine the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing low-income caregivers of preterm infants to a high- or low-value UCT for 4 months.

Study Design: Parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial that was preregistered (ClinicalTrials.

Longitudinal Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) Trajectories in Children with Cerebral Palsy Identified in High-Risk Follow-Up.

: The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) is a standardized neurologic exam for infants between 2 and 24 months. Scores can be compared to optimality cutoffs as one component to support an early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). Some prognosis is also possible for infants diagnosed with CP.

Whole-Body Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy in Preterm Infants 33 to 35 Weeks' Gestation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Hypothermia begun less than 6 hours after birth reduces death or disability in infants with encephalopathy due to hypoxia-ischemia at 36 or more weeks' gestation. Trials of hypothermia for infants younger than 36 weeks' gestation are lacking.

Objective: To assess the probability that hypothermia at less than 6 hours after birth decreases death or disability in infants 33 to 35 weeks' gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Data-Driven Early Prediction of Cerebral Palsy Using AutoML and interpretable kinematic features.

Early identification of cerebral palsy (CP) remains a major challenge due to the reliance on expert assessments that are time-intensive and not scalable. Consequently, a range of studies have aimed at using machine learning to predict CP scores based on motion tracking, e.g.

The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.

Study Design: This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity).

Student Critical Self-Reflection and Perceptions of Video-Based Pro-Section Computer-Assisted Instruction.

Introduction: The cost, high resource demands, and psychological significance of in-person cadaveric labs are barriers to their use. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) of gross anatomy is widely available as an alternative option. However, student engagement, reflections, and expectations of learning anatomy with CAI instead of in-person labs may influence their learning experience and outcomes.

Exploring Tabletop Role-Playing Games as Meaningful Occupations: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.

Tabletop roleplaying games (TRPGs) are an increasingly popular occupation but are still relatively unknown to occupational therapists. This study sought to understand the overall experience, benefits, and consequences of playing TRPGs and the relationship to other occupations. A qualitative research design with a thematic analysis was employed using semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants who had played TRPGs.

Automated detection of abnormal general movements from pressure and positional information in hospitalized infants.

Background: Prechtl's general movements assessment (GMA) allows visual recognition of movement patterns that, when abnormal (cramped synchronized, or CS), have very high sensitivity in predicting later neuromotor disorders; however, training requirements and subjective perceptions from some clinicians may hinder universal adoption of the GMA in the newborn period.

Methods: To address this, we used a three-phased approach to design a preliminary and clinically-oriented approach to automated CS GMA detection. 335 hospitalized infants were dually recorded on video and a pressure-sensor mat that collected time, spatial, and pressure data.

Interventions to improve executive functions in children aged 3 years and under: A systematic review.

Background: Early executive functioning (EF) skills are foundational capabilities that predict school readiness, academic development and psychiatric risk. Early interventions enhancing these capabilities could have critical import in improving outcomes. However, to develop interventions, it is necessary to identify specific EF skills that will vary with child age.

Exploring rehabilitation providers' perspectives of assistive technology access after the implementation of a paediatric AT provision program in rural South India.

A paediatric Assistive Technology (AT) Provision Program was implemented by a non-governmental rehabilitation facility in rural South India to support rehabilitation providers in providing needed AT access for children with disabilities. Capacity-building measures for providers and other supports based on the AT needs, barriers, and facilitators to AT access were implemented that aligned with the AT global report for low-middle income countries (LMIC). This study explores how the initiatives from the AT Provision Program have influenced the perspectives of rehabilitation providers on AT access.

Building a Physician-Scientist Pathway for Underrepresented Medical Students Through a Summer Research Experience.

Problem: There is a need to increase the number of physician-scientists from underrepresented in medicine (URiM) groups. To engage URiM medical students, a committee of pediatric departmental leaders at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia created the Summer Underrepresented in Medicine Medical Student Research program. This 8-week, onsite research and clinical experience takes place during the summer between students' first and second years of medical school.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk or Preterm Infant Formula: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Maternal milk feeding of extremely preterm infants during the birth hospitalization has been associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with preterm formula. For infants receiving no or minimal maternal milk, it is unknown whether donor human milk conveys similar neurodevelopmental advantages vs preterm formula.

Objective: To determine if nutrient-fortified, pasteurized donor human milk improves neurodevelopmental outcomes at 22 to 26 months' corrected age compared with preterm infant formula among extremely preterm infants who received minimal maternal milk.

Social Determinants of Health and Redirection of Care for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Importance: Redirection of care refers to withdrawal, withholding, or limiting escalation of treatment. Whether maternal social determinants of health are associated with redirection of care discussions merits understanding.

Objective: To examine associations between maternal social determinants of health and redirection of care discussions for infants born extremely preterm.

Increasing Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy Among Two-Year-Old Children Born at <27 Weeks of Gestation: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate changes in prevalence and severity of cerebral palsy (CP) among surviving children born at <27 weeks of gestation over time and to determine associations between CP and other developmental domains, functional impairment, medical morbidities, and resource use among 2-year-old children who were born extremely preterm.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospective registry data, conducted at 25 centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Participants were children born at <27 weeks of gestation and followed at 18 through 26 months of corrected age from 2008 through 2019.