Relationship between caregiving burden and alterations in circadian rhythms among spousal caregivers of individuals with cognitive impairment.

Background: Caring for individuals with cognitive impairment is demanding and may impact caregiver well-being. This study examined whether caregiving burden is linked to alterations in circadian rhythm of spousal caregivers (SCGs), using both objective and subjective measures.

Methods: A total of 104 SCGs were enrolled, of which 54 wore Fitbit devices to collect objective data on sleep-wake cycles and circadian heart rate rhythm (CHR).

Sunitinib and TB lymphadenitis: An unexpected link in oncological therapy: a case report.

Rationale: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are neoplasms that originate from the interstitial cells of cajal located in the muscular layer of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery is the primary treatment options; however, if resection is not feasible, or in cases of metastatic or recurrent GIST, systemic chemotherapy can be considered as an alternative. Sunitinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is indicated as an essential second-line treatment for GIST following disease progression or intolerance to imatinib mesylate.

Practical Guide of the Korean Association for Geriatric Psychiatry to Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Focused on Lecanemab.

The advent of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), from symptomatic relief to disease modification. Lecanemab, a humanized mAb targeting soluble Aβ protofibrils and plaque, received regulatory approval in Korea in July 2024, following global randomized controlled trial data demonstrating its efficacy to reduce amyloid burden and slow cognitive decline. However, the introduction of such therapies into routine clinical realm presents several practical and systemic challenges, particularly in the context of Korea's unique healthcare infrastructure and reimbursement environment.

HDL-bound S1P affects the subventricular niche and early neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease.

Circulating blood factors are critical for homeostasis of the adult ventricular-subventricular (V-SVZ) and subgranular zones, which contain neural stem cells (NSCs) crucial for sustained neurogenesis. Circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) bound to apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a principal component of high-density lipoproteins, is involved in various biological processes, but its role in neurogenic niches is poorly understood. Herein, using Apom mice, we show that blood ApoM-S1P deficiency impairs the SVZ-NSC pool, neurogenesis, ependymal cell polarity, and cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to olfactory dysfunction and ventricular enlargement, early neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Lifetime walking and Alzheimer's pathology: A longitudinal study in older adults.

Importance: While many studies have shown that greater amounts or longer durations of walking are associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or cognitive decline in older adults, the neuropathological basis for this is not yet fully understood.

Objective: To examine the relationship between walking intensity and duration and longitudinal changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain pathologies, including Aβ and tau accumulation, neurodegeneration, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH).

Design: Data were drawn from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of AD, a longitudinal cohort study (initiated in 2014).

Effects of caregiving burden on serum homocysteine and folate levels in spouses of patients with cognitive impairment.

Background: Spousal caregivers (SCGs) of patients with cognitive impairment are predisposed to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Homocysteine and folate levels are potential modifiable biomarkers for these risks, given their associations with cardiovascular and cognitive health.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of the caregiving burden with homocysteine and folate levels in SCGs.

Pembrolizumab-induced simultaneous and multiple immune-related adverse events including myasthenia gravis, myositis, hepatitis, and pityriasis lichenoides in a non-small cell lung cancer patient.

Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, enhances the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may arise, necessitating careful monitoring during treatment. Here, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman who developed multiple irAEs following pembrolizumab therapy.

Caregiving-Related Depression Increases Neuroinflammation in Spousal Caregivers to Individuals With Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: The caregiving burden of the spousal caregivers (SCGs) to individuals with cognitive impairment poses public health challenges with adverse psychosocial and physiological effects. However, few studies have investigated the neurobiological impact of caregiving, particularly through the investigation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Methods: Using data from a longitudinal cohort at Chungnam National University Hospital, the relationship between caregiving burden, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration was examined in 38 older adult couples over a 16-month period.

Public and Clinician Perspectives on Ventilator Withdrawal in Vegetative State Following Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Vignette Survey.

Background: The vegetative state (VS) after severe acute brain injury (SABI) is associated with significant prognostic uncertainty and poor long-term functional outcomes. However, it is generally distinguished from imminent death and is exempt from the Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) Decisions Act in Korea. Here, we aimed to examine the perspectives of the general population (GP) and clinicians regarding decisions on mechanical ventilator withdrawal in patients in a VS after SABI.

Pharmacokinetics and Enterohepatic Circulation of 2-(Quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic Acid (2-QBA) in Mice.

The quinoline alkaloid 2-(quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic acid (2-QBA), which is isolated from sp. SCSIO06786, a deep sea-derived fungus, has been suggested as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We developed an analytical method for 2-QBA using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in mouse plasma, in which a protein precipitation method for the sample preparation of 2-QBA in mouse plasma was used due to its simplicity and good extraction recovery rates (80.

Unveiling the unprecedented - Very late brain metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and comprehensive analysis.

Rationale: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) frequently invades nearby lymph nodes, the liver, and lungs. The liver and lungs are also common anatomic sites for the first recurrence of CCA. However, metastasis to the brain is exceptionally rare.

Beyond Legal Boundaries: Public and Clinician Perspectives on Treatment Withdrawal in Infants With Poor Neurological Prognosis.

Background: Despite medical advancements in neonatal survival rates, many children have poor neurological outcomes. Because the law in Korea restricts the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to only cases of imminent death, treatment discontinuation may not be an option, even in patients with poor neurological prognosis. This study investigated the opinions of the general population and clinicians regarding life-sustaining treatment withdrawal in such cases using hypothetical scenarios.

Risk stratification for early mortality in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: a multicenter, non-selected, retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Despite the current effective treatments for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), early mortality (EM), defined as death within 30 days of presentation, is a major hurdle to long-term survival.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of EM in patients with newly diagnosed APL and to develop a risk stratification model to predict EM.

Results: We identified 313 eligible patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 from five academic hospitals.

Intramural Gastric Abscess Misdiagnosed as Advanced Gastric Cancer.

An intramural gastric abscess is a rare condition often mistaken for other medical diseases such as gastric cancer and neoplasms. We present a case of a patient initially believed to have pancreatic cancer based on his computed tomography scan. The clinical diagnosis of locally advanced gastric cancer was made on subsequent magnetic resonance cholangiography and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).

Treatment Patterns and Prognosis of Palliative Chemotherapy Combined With Targeting Agents in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: CHOICE, A Multicenter Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background/aim: This study investigated the treatment patterns and prognosis of patients with metastatic or unresectable colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with chemotherapy with targeting agents.

Patients And Methods: This longitudinal multicenter study included 963 patients with mCRC who were treated in Korea between 2016 and 2020. Treatment patterns and efficacy were compared according to the mutation status and clinical factors.

Deep Learning of Speech Data for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which makes the lives of patients and their families difficult for various reasons. Therefore, early detection of AD is crucial to alleviating the symptoms through medication and treatment.

Objective: Given that AD strongly induces language disorders, this study aims to detect AD rapidly by analyzing the language characteristics.

Gossypetin Prevents the Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Oxidative Stress and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver metabolic disorder, however, there are still no effective and safe drugs for its treatment. Previous clinical trials used various therapeutic approaches to target individual pathologic mechanisms, but these approaches were unsuccessful because of the complex pathologic causes of NASH. Combinatory therapy in which two or more drugs are administered simultaneously to patients with NASH, however, carries the risk of side effects associated with each individual drug.

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma as simultaneous bilineage hematologic malignancy treated with decitabine: A case report.

Background: Simultaneous bilineage hematologic malignancies are rare; however, several cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) co-occurrence have been reported. A standard treatment for simultaneous AML and T-LBL has not yet been established, and its prognosis is very poor. Further studies to develop standard treatments are required to increase patient survival rates.

Visualizing mast cell migration to tumor sites using sodium iodide symporter of nuclear medicine reporter gene.

Purpose: Owing to the close relationship between mast cells and cancer progression, an imaging technique that can be applied in a clinical setting to explore the biological behavior of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment is needed. In this study, we visualized mast cell migration to lung tumor lesions in live mice using sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a nuclear medicine reporter gene.

Experimental Design: The murine mast cell line MC-9 was infected with retrovirus including NIS, luciferase (as a surrogate marker for NIS), and Thy1.