Maternal Oncological Disease and Congenital Pneumonia Are New Independent Risk Factors for Surfactant Requirements in Late Preterm Infants.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in late preterm (LPT) infants. We also aimed to identify the risk factors associated with surfactant requirement and the clinical outcomes associated with surfactant therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from a single-centre neonatology unit at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS in Rome, Italy over a 4 year period.

Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Through Nutrition in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Context: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial, chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants. Several interventions have been proposed to prevent BPD; a role for specific nutritional practices has also been suggested.

Objective: To evaluate, by means of a systematic review of the available literature, which nutritional interventions might prevent BPD in preterm infants.

Early Enoxaparin Treatment in a Newborn with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Acute Cerebellar Hemorrhage.

Objective: To evaluate the management of anticoagulant therapy in neonates with cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT), focusing on potential benefits and risks.

Study Design: We report the case of a full-term neonate diagnosed with CSVT, highlighting the rationale for early anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin. A brief literature review supports our clinical decision-making, considering current evidence and expert consensus despite limited neonatal-specific guidelines.

Case Report: Hepatopulmonary fusion: to separate or not to separate? From a clinical case to A literature review.

Objective: Hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare congenital malformation, frequently associated to right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDHR). The presence of HPF often leads to a fatal outcome. The most effective approach to managing this condition remains uncertain due to the limited number of documented cases in the literature.

Case Report: Hypercalcemia, subcutaneous fat necrosis and nephrocalcinosis in neonates who undergo therapeutic hypothermia: a not so rare association, with different onset time.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) in newborns is an uncommon and self-limiting non-infectious panniculitis. It can occur in the first weeks of life in full-term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Hypercalcemia may develop and has been implicated as the cause of several complications as nephrocalcinosis.

Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians.

Materials And Methods: Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy.

Advantage of bedside versus conventional operating room surgery in the management of term and preterm newborn infants: a single center retrospective observational study.

Purpose: To compare postoperative outcomes of bedside surgery (BS) with those of surgery performed in the operating room (ORS) in preterm and full-term neonates.

Methods: Data from neonates undergoing major surgical interventions were retrospectively evaluated. Primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hypothermia.

Lung Recruitment Before Surfactant Administration in Extremely Preterm Neonates: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: A multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) showed a lung recruitment maneuver using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation just before surfactant administration (ie, intubate-recruit-surfactant-extubate [IN-REC-SUR-E]) improved the efficacy of treatment compared with the standard intubate-surfactant-extubate (IN-SUR-E) technique without increasing the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To examine follow-up outcomes at corrected postnatal age (cPNA) 2 years of preterm infants previously enrolled in an RCT and treated with IN-REC-SUR-E or IN-SUR-E in 35 tertiary neonatal intensive care units.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a follow-up study of infants recruited into the primary RCT from 2015 to 2018 at 35 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Italy.

Pathogenic G6PD variants: Different clinical pictures arise from different missense mutations in the same codon.

G6PD deficiency results from mutations in the X-linked G6PD gene. More than 200 variants are associated with enzyme deficiency: each one of them may either cause predisposition to haemolytic anaemia triggered by exogenous agents (class B variants), or may cause a chronic haemolytic disorder (class A variants). Genotype-phenotype correlations are subtle.

Enteral nutritional strategy during therapeutic hypothermia: who? when? what?

Background: There are no guidelines regarding enteral feeding (EF) of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during and shortly after therapeutic hypothermia; consequently, clinical practice is, to date, still variable. The objective of this study is to assess whether a minimal EF strategy during therapeutic hypothermia may be associated with a shorter time to full EF of infants with HIE and to identify the clinical variables that independently affect the time to full EF.

Methods: A retrospective study, covering the period from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2022 was performed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, which compared infants with HIE who received minimal EF during therapeutic hypothermia with those who did not.

Potential pathogenetic role of a novel ABCC8 missense variant on both transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and fetal growth restriction: a case report.

Background: The diagnosis of neonatal diabetes can be problematic in preterm infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Growth restricted fetuses may have impaired insulin production and secretion; low birthweight infants may have a reduced response to insulin. We report a novel missense ABCC8 variant associated with a clinical phenotype compatible with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) in a fetal growth restricted preterm infant.

pCO2 values in asphyxiated infants under therapeutic hypothermia after tailored respiratory management: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) represents one of the major causes of neonatal death and long-term neurological disability. Both hypoxic-ischemic insults and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can affect respiratory function. Currently, there is no evidence regarding optimal respiratory management in these infants.

Neonatal outcomes and follow-up of children born to women with pregnancy-associated cancer: a prospective observational study.

Background: During the last decade, there has been a growing number of cases of children born from pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC), however there are currently insufficient data on the follow up to be observed in this category of newborns. Objective of the study was to evaluate the neonatal outcomes of infants born to mother with PAC, the potential adverse effect of chemotherapy during pregnancy and the risk of metastasis to the fetus.

Methods: Maternal clinical data and neonatal outcomes of child born to mothers diagnosed with PAC were collected; infants were divided into those were and were not exposed to chemotherapy during fetal life and their outcomes were compered.

SARS-CoV-2 perinatal transmission and neonatal outcomes across four different waves of COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide prospective cohort study from the Italian Society of Neonatology.

Objectives: To describe how SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery affected maternal and neonatal outcomes across four major waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Methods: This is a large, prospective, nationwide cohort study collecting maternal and neonatal data in case of maternal peripartum SARS-CoV-2 infection between February 2020 and March 2022. Data were stratified across the four observed pandemic waves.

Hearing Loss and Risk Factors in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is still high in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The purpose of our study was to provide the prevalence rates of SNHL and to analyze the risk factors of hearing impairment and changes in hearing thresholds in a cohort of VLBW infants. A retrospective observational study was conducted in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 2012 to 2016.

Effect of acute histologic chorioamnionitis on bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality rate among extremely low gestational age neonates: A retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To evaluate whether acute histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) diagnosed in the placenta may be associated with an increased occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death among extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN).

Methods: This Italian single-center case-control retrospective study involved ELGAN admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2019 and June 2022. Infants born from pregnant women with acute and severe HCA, identified as stage ≥2 and grade 2 HCA, (HCA-infants) were compared with infants of pregnant women without chorioamnionitis or with stage 1, grade 1 chorioamnionitis (no-HCA-infants).

Psychological factors and barriers to donating and receiving milk from human milk banks: A review.

Human milk banks (HMBs), established in the early 20th century, aimed to provide safe breast milk for infants with challenges obtaining it. The spread of infections since the 1980s resulted in strict regulations and screening in HMBs, to ensure the safety of donated milk. Several social and personal factors discourage mothers from practicing breastfeeding, making donated milk a viable alternative because of its protective and immunity-enhancing properties.

FIGO good practice recommendations: Bundle of care to reduce neonatal mortality and improve outcomes after preterm and term delivery.

An integrated approach is lacking for the management of childbirth and newborn care, even though their codependence is critical for improving maternal and newborn outcomes. FIGO's Prep-for-Labor rapid triage methods for women arriving at a clinical facility are addressed in earlier papers in this Supplement, but do not include newborn care. Immediate postpartum rapid triage using established Apgar score helps determine whether standard of care can be followed on site with available staff/tools.

Retrospective Study on Resistance Profile and Antibiotic Use in a Pediatric Population.

The growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and the presence of limited data concerning the pediatric area prompted us to focus on infection in this study, its antibiotic resistance profile, and the therapeutic management of affected children. We conducted a retrospective study by collecting clinical data on infants and children with antibiogram-associated infection. We enrolled 1210 patients with a mean age of 0.

Acute and post-acute multidisciplinary outcomes of newborns born from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or the perinatal period.

Introduction: We performed a single-center, prospective, observational study of newborns born from mothers with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy or at time of delivery to evaluate acute and mid-term multidisciplinary outcomes.

Methods: Infants were offered a multidisciplinary follow-up consisting of nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction test at birth and at 48-72 h of life, auxological and ophthalmological assessments, and serologic testing.

Results: 791 women and their 791 children (52.

An Interesting Case of Neonatal AKI: What Is the Time to Consider Anuria Irreversible?

Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication for critical newborns. Its management is a significant challenge, especially in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. Currently, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the most manageable treatment.

Securement of Umbilical Venous Catheter Using Cyanoacrylate Glue: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the role of cyanoacrylate glue in reducing dislodgement of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs).

Study Design: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial. All infants requiring an UVC according to our local policy were included in the study.

Ultrasound-guided diagnostic pericardiocentesis in preterm infants: a case report.

Pericardial effusion (PE) in pediatric population can be asymptomatic or a life-threatening event. Reports on neonates or preterm infants are scarce and generally related to pericardiocentesis of large amounts of PE in emergency situations.We describe a diagnostic pericardiocentesis in a preterm infant with small and loculated pericardial effusion and suspected cardiac mass.