‎The association between cumulative exposure to neighborhood walkability (NW) and diabetes risk, a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To examine the association between cumulative exposure to neighborhood walkability (NW) and diabetes risk.

Methods: A total of 11,037 women free of diabetes at enrollment were included. We constructed a 4-item NW index at baseline, and a 2-item average annual NW across years of follow-up that captured both changes in neighborhood features and residential moves.

Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Glycemic Control Among Veterans Receiving Care in the Veterans Health Administration, 2008-2019.

Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities in glycemic control among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been reported. This study examined trends in early glycemic control by race and ethnicity to understand how disparities soon after T2D diagnosis have changed between 2008 and 2019 among cohorts of U.S.

Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function Among Women Living with HIV.

Background: Altered gut microbiota has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, but little is known among people living with HIV.

Objective: To examine associations between gut microbiota and cognitive impairment among women with or without HIV.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 446 women (302 HIV+) who had completed a neuropsychological test battery and stool sample collected within 1 year.

Immigrant generation status and its association with pubertal timing and tempo among Hispanic girls and boys.

Purpose: In the United States, Hispanic-Latino children reach puberty earlier on average than non-Hispanic white children. Yet among U.S.

Doubled-Up Households, Self-Management Behaviors, Diabetes Preventive Care Services, and Hospital Use in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) 2015-2020.

Objective: We investigated associations of living in a doubled-up household (i.e., adults living with adult children, other related adults, or other unrelated adults) with diabetes self-management behaviors, occurrence of diabetes preventive care services, and hospital use by Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes.

Predictors of incident diabetes in two populations: framingham heart study and hispanic community health study / study of latinos.

Background: Non-genetic factors contribute to differences in diabetes risk across race/ethnic and socioeconomic groups, which raises the question of whether effects of predictors of diabetes are similar across populations. We studied diabetes incidence in the primarily non-Hispanic White Framingham Heart Study (FHS, N = 4066) and the urban, largely immigrant Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, N = 6891) Please check if the affiliations are captured and presented correctly.

Methods: Clinical, behavioral, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected at in-person examinations followed by seven-day accelerometry.

Jointly modeling of sleep variables that are objectively measured by wrist actigraphy.

Recently developed actigraphy devices have made it possible for continuous and objective monitoring of sleep over multiple nights. Sleep variables captured by wrist actigraphy devices include sleep onset, sleep end, total sleep time, wake time after sleep onset, number of awakenings, etc. Currently available statistical methods to analyze such actigraphy data have limitations.

Joint associations of peripheral artery disease and accelerometry-based physical activity with mortality: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background And Aims: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and lower levels of physical activity are both associated with higher mortality. Yet, their joint prognostic impact has not been systematically examined, especially in Hispanics/Latinos, and with objective measures. We aimed to examine the joint associations of PAD and physical activity with mortality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Periodontal disease and incident prediabetes and diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Aim: To examine whether baseline periodontal disease is independently associated with incident prediabetes and incident diabetes in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.

Materials And Methods: This study examined 7827 individuals, 18-74 years of age without diabetes, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants received a full-mouth periodontal examination at baseline (2008-2011), and the disease was classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions.

Microbial co-occurrence complicates associations of gut microbiome with US immigration, dietary intake and obesity.

Background: Obesity and related comorbidities are major health concerns among many US immigrant populations. Emerging evidence suggests a potential involvement of the gut microbiome. Here, we evaluated gut microbiome features and their associations with immigration, dietary intake, and obesity in 2640 individuals from a population-based study of US Hispanics/Latinos.

Consent for Use of Genetic Data among US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos.

Inclusion of historically underrepresented populations in biomedical research is critical for large precision medicine research initiatives. Among 13,721 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) enrollees, we used multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios to describe characteristics associated with participants' willingness to consent to different levels of biospecimen and genetic data analysis and sharing. At baseline (2008-2011), HCHS/SOL participants almost universally consented to the use of biospecimens and genetic data by study investigators and their collaborators (97.

Higher Neighborhood Population Density Is Associated with Lower Potassium Intake in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Current U.S. dietary guidelines recommend a daily potassium intake of 3400 mg/day for men and 2600 mg/day for women.

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption with Prediabetes and Glucose Metabolism Markers in Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Both the incidence of diabetes mellitus and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are high in the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. The associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice with prediabetes and glucose metabolism markers in the diverse Hispanic/Latino population in the United States are unknown.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice with prediabetes and glucose metabolism markers such as fasting glucose and insulin, 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test, HOMA-IR, HOMA index for β-cell function (HOMA-B), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among US Hispanic/Latino adults.

Social support and dental caries experience: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Objective: To examine the association of social support with dental caries experience in Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States (US) and to assess whether the relationship is modified by nativity status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed data for 4459 dentate men and women aged 18-74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. At baseline (2008-2011), dentists quantified dental caries experience as the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth surfaces (DMFS) for all teeth excluding third molars.

Association of liver enzymes with incident diabetes in US Hispanic/Latino adults.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with increased risk of incident diabetes. But such evidence is lacking in the Hispanic/Latino population, which has high prevalence of obesity and NAFLD.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,928 adults of Hispanic/Latino background who had no diabetes, did not report excessive alcohol use, and no hepatitis B and C infection at baseline (2008-2011).

A longitudinal analysis of nondaily smokers: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Purpose: Nondaily smoking is increasing in the United States and common among Hispanic/Latino smokers. We characterized factors related to longitudinal smoking transitions in Hispanic/Latino nondaily smokers.

Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort study of Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 years.

Are sedentary behavior and physical activity independently associated with cardiometabolic benefits? The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Whether physical activity can reduce cardiometabolic risk particularly in understudied populations such as US Hispanics/Latinos is of public health interest. We prospectively examined the association of physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in n = 8049 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a community-based cohort study of 16,415 adults aged 18-74 yr who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino from four US urban centers.

Methods: We assessed physical activity using accelerometry in 2008-2011 at visit 1.

Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and incident diabetes in a population covering the adult life span: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: The association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and risk of diabetes remains unclear, especially among US Hispanic/Latino adults who have lower levels of physical activity and a higher diabetes burden compared with other racial/ethnical populations in the country.

Objectives: To examine the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and incident diabetes in a US Hispanic/Latino population.

Methods: We included 7280 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who aged 18-74 y and free of diabetes at baseline.

Underuse of Cardiovascular Medications in Individuals With Known Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: HCHS/SOL.

Background Underuse of cardiovascular medications for secondary prevention among individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been reported. Little is known about PAD treatment status in the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States, who may have limited access to health care and who have worse clinical outcomes than non-Hispanic individuals. Methods and Results We studied the use of cardiovascular therapies in 1244 Hispanic/Latino individuals recruited from 4 sites in the United States, including 826 individuals who reported diagnosis of PAD by physician and 418 individuals with coronary artery disease alone, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity and liver enzyme elevations in US Hispanics/Latinos.

Background & Aims: Sedentariness and physical inactiveness are associated with deleterious health outcomes, but their associations with liver enzyme elevations remain uncertain.

Methods: In 10 385 US Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we examined associations of sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometers with liver enzyme elevations. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were defined as the highest gender-specific deciles.

Urinary Arsenic Species are Detectable in Urban Underserved Hispanic/Latino Populations: A Pilot Study from the Study of Latinos: Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS).

Background: Hispanics/Latinos represent >15% of the United States (US) population and experience a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Dietary exposure, particularly to arsenic (As), may be associated with CVD and diabetes in Hispanics/Latinos. Rural populations in the US exposed to As in drinking water have increased risk of diabetes and CVD; however, little is known about the risk among urban populations with low As in water who are mostly exposed to As through food.

Metabolomic Profiling of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection: The Women's Interagency HIV Study.

Background People living with HIV have an increased risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and heart failure. HIV-associated LVDD may reflect both cardiomyocyte and systemic metabolic derangements, but the underlying pathways remain unclear. Methods and Results To explore such pathways, we conducted a pilot study in the Bronx and Brooklyn sites of the WIHS (Women's Interagency HIV Study) who participated in concurrent, but separate, metabolomics and echocardiographic ancillary studies.

Social capital and periodontal disease in Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Aims: To examine the association of social capital with periodontal disease severity.

Materials And Methods: We analysed data obtained from 3,994 men and women aged 18-74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study (HCHS/SOL SCAS). From 2008 to 2011, dentists assessed periodontitis status with a full-mouth periodontal examination.