A machine learning model for predicting obesity risk in patients with diabetes mellitus: analysis of NHANES 2007-2018.

Background: Obesity is a prevalent and clinically significant complication among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), contributing to increased cardiovascular risk, metabolic burden, and reduced quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, the risk factors for obesity within this population remain incompletely understood. With the growing availability of large-scale health datasets and advancements in machine learning, there is an opportunity to improve risk stratification.

Current status and prospects of phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and medicinal and food applications of the genus Illicium Linn.

The genus Illicium, with high medicinal and edible value, includes about 40 species globally, such as Illicium verum, which is recognized as one of the most consumed spices. Current studies indicate that the chemical composition of the Illicium genus is highly diverse. Most species contain beneficial constituents such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, while some contain specific toxic compounds.

Viral evolution prediction identifies broadly neutralizing antibodies to existing and prospective SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain are used to treat and prevent COVID-19. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives continuous escape from therapeutic mAbs. Therefore, the ability to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to future variants is needed.

Genome-scale metabolic modeling reveals specific vaginal strains and their metabolites as key inhibitors of .

As the predominant constituents of the vaginal microbiome in healthy women, species are considered essential in maintaining a homeostatic vaginal microbiome. Specific species can produce beneficial metabolites to support their persistence within the host environment and inhibit colonization. Due to the extensive diversity of species and their metabolites, comprehensively investigating all possible interactions remains challenging.

Diagnosis of a patient with severe sensorineural hearing loss as the initial symptom caused by novel compound heterozygous variant in SLC19A2 gene.

Objective: Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia (TRMA) syndrome, caused by biallelic variants in the SLC19A2 gene, typically presents with a triad of megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural hearing loss. This study aims to determine the genetic etiology and clinical phenotype of a patient who presented with severe sensorineural hearing loss as the initial symptom, and to expand our understanding of the SLC19A2 variant spectrum.

Methods: Proband-only whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen the candidate variants, which were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing within the family.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between tibial cortex transverse transport and platelet-rich plasma treatment for severe diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of severe diabetic foot ulcers, evaluate the clinical efficacy of TTT, and explore its potential impact on lower limb circulation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on two patient groups treated at our hospital between July 2019 and June 2022. One group underwent TTT, while the other received PRP therapy.

Causal relationship between immune cells, metabolites and polycystic ovary syndrome identified by Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses.

Immune cells and blood metabolites play essential roles in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, it remains unclear whether blood metabolites mediate the causal relationship between immune cells and PCOS. This study aimed to delineate the causal relationships among immune cells, PCOS and potential blood metabolites through Mendelian randomization (MR). A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighting as the primary method to determine the causation between immune cells and PCOS risk.

Adsorption of methanol on cationic cobalt clusters in the gas phase.

Knowledge about the adsorption and activation of methanol on metal catalysts is essential to obtain insights into the conversion of methanol to sustainable chemicals. In this work, the adsorption of methanol on Con+ (n = 1-60) clusters is investigated using low-pressure collision cell experiments in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Experiments are conducted using both methanol and deuterated methanol in order to examine potential isotope effects and to gain insights into the reaction mechanism.

Corrigendum: Modulation of local immunity by the vaginal microbiome is associated with triggering spontaneous preterm birth.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.

Extracellular ATP regulates phagocytic activity, mitochondrial respiration, and cytokine secretion of human astrocytic cells.

The two main glial cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes and microglia, are responsible for neuroimmune homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates astrocytes can participate in removal of pathological structures by becoming phagocytic under conditions of neurodegenerative disease when microglia, the professional phagocytes, are impaired. We hypothesized that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which acts as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), when released at high concentrations into extracellular space, upregulates phagocytic activity of human astrocytes.

Evolving antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic shift from XBB to JN.1.

The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence of the BA.2.86/JN.

Omicron-specific ultra-potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies targeting the N1/N2 loop of Spike N-terminal domain.

A multitude of functional mutations continue to emerge on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Understanding the immunogenicity of Omicron NTD and the properties of antibodies elicited by it is crucial for comprehending the impact of NTD mutations on viral fitness and guiding vaccine design. In this study, we find that most of NTD-targeting antibodies isolated from individuals with BA.

The association of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls exposure with dyslipidemia and blood lipids: The mediating effect of white blood cell counts.

Epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with lipid metabolism and its potential biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We intended to explore the associations of OCPs and PCBs with dyslipidemia and blood lipid levels, and further evaluate the mediating role of total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts. We measured the blood lipid levels, the concentration of OCPs/PCBs and WBC counts in serum among 2036 adults in Wuhan city, China.

BnUC1 Is a Key Regulator of Epidermal Wax Biosynthesis and Lipid Transport in .

The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor AtCFLAP2 regulates epidermal wax accumulation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. We obtained ( homologous to ) from a mutant with up-curling leaves () and epidermal wax deficiency via map-based cloning. BnUC1 contains a point mutation (N200S) in the conserved dimerization domain.

Spike N354 glycosylation augments SARS-CoV-2 fitness for human adaptation through structural plasticity.

Selective pressures have given rise to a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the prolonged course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently evolved variants differ from ancestors in additional glycosylation within the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Details of how the acquisition of glycosylation impacts viral fitness and human adaptation are not clearly understood.

Association between organophosphate esters individual and mixed exposure with the risk of hyperlipidemia and serum lipid levels among adults in Wuhan, China.

Toxicologic studies reported that organophosphate esters (OPEs) may disrupt lipid metabolism, thus affecting serum lipid levels. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the association between OPEs and the risk of hyperlipidemia (HPL) as well as serum lipid levels is scarce. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the impact of individual and mixed OPE exposure on HPL.

Individual and joint effects of organophosphate esters and hypertension or diabetes on renal injury among Chinese adults.

Exposure to environmental contaminants and the development of hypertension and diabetes represent crucial risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Toxicological studies have revealed that organophosphate esters (OPEs) impair kidney function. However, the joint effects of OPE exposure on kidney injury and the interactions of OPE exposure with hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury remain unclear.

Associations of exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls with chronic kidney disease among adults: the modifying effects of lifestyle.

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been reported to be associated with renal impairment and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, the research results thus far have exhibited inconsistency, and the effect of lifestyle on their association is not clear. In this study, we assessed the correlation between serum OCPs/PCBs and CKD and renal function indicators including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) among 1721 Chinese adults.