Connecting the dots: Role of myo-inositol oxygenase pathway in cell wall, phytic acid, and ascorbic acid biosynthesis pathways, and its potential for future crop development.

Myo-inositol serves as a key metabolite that contributes to the numerous biosynthetic pathways in plants. The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) converts myo-inositol into D-glucuronic acid, a precursor to pectin and hemicellulose components of the plant cell wall. Previously, the role of myo-inositol pathway in ascorbic acid biosynthesis and its interactions with crucial biosynthetic networks such as phytic acid biosynthesis have been discussed.

Emerging trends in transgene-free crop development: insights into genome editing and its regulatory overview.

Genome editing tools have revolutionized plant biology research offering unparalleled applications for genome manipulation and trait improvement in crops. Adopting such advanced biotechnological tools is inevitable to meet increasing global food demand and address challenges in food production, including (a)biotic stresses and inadequate nutritional value. Despite reliance on conventional genetic manipulation methods, the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing toolbox allows precise modification of DNA/RNA in a target organism's genome.

Streamlined protoplast transfection system for in-vivo validation and transgene-free genome editing in Banana.

The advancement in the CRISPR/Cas system has significantly streamlined genome editing in plants, rendering it simple, reliable, and efficient. However, the development of transgene-free crops is a challenging task for vegetatively propagated plants like banana. In the present study, we established banana protoplasts-based versatile and efficient platform for genome editing to overcome this limitation.

Photoresponsive and Shape-Switchable MoS-Peptide-Hybrid Nanosystems for Enacting Photochemo and siRNA-Mediated Gene Therapy in Glioma.

Exfoliated 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs)-based nanomaterials have captured a huge biomedical territory owing to their supreme physicochemical properties. However, the tedious and harsh chemical exfoliation of bulk MoS impacts its utility in the biological domain. The study introduces a facile and environmentally benign way of shape-tunable exfoliation of bulk MoS materials in an aqueous dispersion using designed self-assembled, tetrapeptide (Fmoc-HCKF-OH)-based nanostructures, generating hybrid MoS-peptide nanosystems for both tumor-targeted [employing folic acid (FA) functionalization] and NIR-responsive delivery of anticancer siRNA/drug in glioma.

CRISPR/Cas9: a sustainable technology to enhance climate resilience in major Staple Crops.

Climate change is a global concern for agriculture, food security, and human health. It affects several crops and causes drastic losses in yield, leading to severe disturbances in the global economy, environment, and community. The consequences on important staple crops, such as rice, maize, and wheat, will worsen and create food insecurity across the globe.

Crafting a Molecular Trojan Horse: Sialic Acid-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Targeted Lung Cancer Therapy.

The glycan receptors prominently expressed on the surface of lung cancer cells offers promising targets for drug delivery. The prepared gemcitabine (GB)-loaded PLGA-NPs and sialic acid (Siac)-modified PLGA-NPs exhibited a uniform polydispersity index (PDI) value below 0.3, a particle size under 200 nm, and negative zeta potentials ranging from -17.

Adenomyoepithelioma: A Case Report of a Rare Breast Lump.

Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the breast is a rare tumor characterized by biphasic differentiation into luminal and myoepithelial cells, with various histological patterns observed. This case report details a 35-year-old female with a progressively enlarging breast lump diagnosed initially as a fibroadenoma through ultrasonography (USG) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patient underwent successful excision of the lump under general anesthesia, with histopathological examination confirming a benign tumor comprising epithelial and myoepithelial cells.

Guinea Worm Disease Presenting as a Subcutaneous Calcification.

A female patient in her early 50s presented with a complaint of multiple right thigh swellings for eight years which on evaluation were found to be guinea worms. The patient had no risk factors as she was living in a rural area of Maharashtra. We performed radiological investigations which only revealed calcifications in subcutaneous planes.

External Jugular Vein Slow-Flow Venous Malformation Presenting as a Swelling Over the Neck: A Report of a Rare Case.

Vascular malformations originating from the wall of the external jugular vein are exceedingly uncommon. We present a unique case of a venous malformation arising from the external jugular vein, successfully treated through surgical excision with no subsequent recurrence. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention in managing such rare clinical entities without any resulting morbidity.

Identification and functional characterization of a novel aldo-keto reductase from Aloe vera.

The present investigation profoundly asserted the catalytic potential of plant-based aldo-ketoreductase, postulating its role in polyketide biosynthesis and providing new insights for tailored biosynthesis of vital plant polyketides for therapeutics. Plants hold great potential as a future source of innovative biocatalysts, expanding the possibilities within chemical reactions and generating a variety of benefits. The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily includes a huge collection of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that carry out a variety of redox reactions essential for biosynthesis, detoxification, and intermediary metabolism.

Genome-wide identification and gene expression analysis of GHMP kinase gene family in banana cv. Rasthali.

Background: The GHMP kinase gene family encompasses ATP-dependent kinases, significantly involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenes, amino acids, and metabolism of carbohydrates. Banana is a staple tropical crop that is globally consumed but known for high sensitivity to salt, cold, and drought stresses. The GHMP kinases are known to play a significant role during abiotic stresses in plants.

Anti-amyloidogenic amphipathic arginine-dehydrophenylalanine spheres capped selenium nanoparticles as potent therapeutic moieties for Alzheimer's disease.

Aggregation of both amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins is the major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moieties that carry anti-amyloidogenic potency against both of the aggregating entities are considered to be promising drug candidatures for the disease. In the current work, we have synthesized amphipathic dipeptide vesicle-templated selenium nanoparticles (RΔF-SeNPs) as potential entities to combat AD.

Overexpression of banana GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) modulates the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.

l-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a potent antioxidant and essential micronutrient for the growth and development of plants and animals. AsA is predominantly synthesized by the Smirnoff-Wheeler (SW) pathway in plants where the GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) gene encodes the rate-limiting step. In the present study, AsA was estimated in twelve banana cultivars, where Nendran carried the highest (17.

Wheat derived glucuronokinase as a potential target for regulating ascorbic acid and phytic acid content with increased root length under drought and ABA stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Glucuronokinase (GlcAK) converts glucuronic acid into glucuronic acid-1-phosphate, which is then converted into UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) via myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) pathway. UDP-GlcA acts as a precursor in the synthesis of nucleotide-sugar moieties forming cell wall biomass. GlcAK being present at the bifurcation point between UDP-GlcA and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosyntheses, makes it necessary to study its role in plants.

A Perspective Review on Understanding Drought Stress Tolerance in Wild Banana Genetic Resources of Northeast India.

The enormous perennial monocotyledonous herb banana ( spp.), which includes dessert and cooking varieties, is found in more than 120 countries and is a member of the order Zingiberales and family Musaceae. The production of bananas requires a certain amount of precipitation throughout the year, and its scarcity reduces productivity in rain-fed banana-growing areas due to drought stress.

Opportunities and challenges with CRISPR-Cas mediated homologous recombination based precise editing in plants and animals.

We summarise recent advancements to achieve higher homologous recombination based gene targeting efficiency in different animals and plants. The genome editing has revolutionized the agriculture and human therapeutic sectors by its ability to create precise, stable and predictable mutations in the genome. It depends upon targeted double-strand breaks induction by the engineered endonucleases, which then gets repaired by highly conserved endogenous DNA repair mechanisms.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of () genes confer their roles in somatic embryogenesis, growth and abiotic stresses in banana.

Unlabelled: Plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors are known to be involved in plant developmental processes, especially in embryogenesis. In this study, a total of thirteen members were identified in the banana () genome () and characterized for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes were divided into three clades (ancient, intermediate and modern) which reflected the evolutionary history of WOX families.

Analysis of TCP Transcription Factors Revealed Potential Roles in Plant Growth and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Resistance in Banana (cv. Rasthali).

The TCP transcription factor gene family is highly conserved among the plant species. It plays a major role in the regulation of flower symmetry, cell division, and development of leaf, fibre, and nodule in the plants by controlling the synthesis of various plant hormones. Banana is a major staple crop in the world.

On the Relationship Between Pain Variability and Relief in Randomized Clinical Trials.

Previous research reports suggest greater baseline variability is associated with greater pain relief in those who receive a placebo. However, studies that evidence this association do not control for confounding effects from regression to the mean and natural history. In this report, we analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials (Placebo I and Placebo II, total = 139) while adjusting for the effects of natural history and regression to the mean a no treatment group.

Metabolic engineering in food crops to enhance ascorbic acid production: crop biofortification perspectives for human health.

Ascorbic acid (AsA) also known as vitamin C is considered as an essential micronutrient in the diet of humans. The human body is unable to synthesize AsA, thus solely dependent on exogenous sources to accomplish the nutritional requirement. AsA plays a crucial role in different physiological aspects of human health like bone formation, iron absorption, maintenance and development of connective tissues, conversion of cholesterol to bile acid and production of serotonin.

What Is the Numerical Nature of Pain Relief?

Pain relief, or a decrease in self-reported pain intensity, is frequently the primary outcome of pain clinical trials. Investigators commonly report pain relief in one of two ways: using raw units (additive) or using percentage units (multiplicative). However, additive and multiplicative scales have different assumptions and are incompatible with one another.

Transgene-free genome editing supports CCD4 role as a negative regulator of β-carotene in banana.

This study aims to understand the regulatory mechanism of the β-carotene homeostasis by establishing transgene-free genome editing in banana. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) belong to a miniature gene family having an imperative role in the intricated carotenoid metabolism in plants. Here, the expression pattern of multiple CCDs was correlated with the levels of carotenoid accumulation in two contrasting cultivars, viz.

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (HD-CCD1A and B) contribute as strong negative regulators of β-carotene in Indian bread wheat (cv. HD2967).

Unlabelled: Wheat ( L.) is the most common cereal crop that is considered to be deficient in provitamin A carotenoids. Carotenoids are prone to degrade into apocarotenoids by the activity of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs).