Retained foreign body in nose following eye injury.

A man in his 60s presented with diminution of vision of the left eye with nasal bleeding after accidental fall. On examination his left upper eyelid was lacerated and left temporal sclera was punctured which was repaired under local anaesthesia after which he was discharged by ophthalmologists but continued to complain of pain and left nasal obstruction. A non-contrast CT of paranasal sinuses revealed fracture of medial wall of left orbit, left ethmoid haemosinus and a metallic foreign body (FB) in the septum and anterior face of sphenoid.

The Effect of Increasing Bath Temperature on the Contractile Responses of the Large Gut in Adult and Neonate Rats.

Introduction Earlier reports on the effect of temperature on gut motility concentrated on experiments conducted on the small intestines of adult animals. The effect of temperature on the large intestine, particularly in neonates, warrants further investigation. The current study investigated the effect of a temperature increase and its mechanism in the colon and rectum of neonate and adult rats.

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: A review of clinico-radio-pathological characteristics.

Aggressive, albeit false marketing of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or vaping devices as safer alternatives to cigarette smoking, combined with lack of regulations, has led to its mass adoption, especially among youth. A sudden increase in acute lung injuries was noted in 2019 which was linked to ENDS. It was termed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI).

Lessons From a Rapid Project Management Exercise in the Time of Pandemic: Methodology for a Global COVID-19 VIRUS Registry Database.

Background: The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic globally collapsed health care organizations worldwide. Incomplete knowledge of best practices, progression of disease, and its impact could result in fallible care. Data on symptoms and advancement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to critical care admission have not been captured or communicated well between international organizations experiencing the same impact from the virus.

Unusual manifestation of Koch's disease: Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome.

Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome or petrous apicitis is an uncommon but a morbid complication of otitis media. Traditionally treated by surgery, recent advances in imaging and antibiotics have favoured a more conservative approach. Although pyogenic organisms are the leading aetiological agent, petrous apicitis due to Koch's bacilli is not rare.

Head-and-neck paragangliomas: An overview of 54 cases operated at a tertiary care center.

Background: Head-and-neck paragangliomas (HNP's) are rare autonomic neoplasms associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to study epidemiology, clinicopathological correlation, and management of HNP to assist clinicians in advocating the most appropriate therapy.

Materials And Methods: Epidemiological parameters, including age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, tumor classification, familial predisposition, multicentricity, and treatment modalities adopted, were analyzed in this retrospective analysis of 54 patients of HNP.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Probe tDCS-Induced Cortical Functioning Changes in Tinnitus.

There are limited treatment options for successful management of tinnitus, which is highly prevalent worldwide. The pathogenetic role of auditory cortex activation changes in tinnitus has been reported by various functional studies that suggest that the emerging neuromodulation techniques may pave way toward better treatment response. The current case report depicts the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on the assessment of improvement in auditory cortex functioning in chronic tinnitus by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Correlating the treatment outcome with tumor staging, grading, and various treatment modalities in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma.

Objective: Although till date no management protocol for esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) has been standardized due to tumor rarity, still multimodality approach shows better treatment outcomes as compared to surgery alone. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological spectrum of ENB and to correlate treatment response with tumor staging, histopathological grading, and various treatment modalities.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with biopsy-proven ENB were studied and evaluated for response to treatment in the form of complete tumor resolution.

Glottic neurogenic tumor: A highly uncommon site for schwannomas.

Schwannomas are benign encapsulated neurogenic tumors, arising from Schwann cells embedded in neurilemal sheath as multinucleated syncytial network. Head and neck schwannomas account for 25%-45% of all schwannomas, majority developing in parapharyngeal space. Laryngeal schwannoma in itself is a rarity, and a glottic origin further complicates its diagnosis.

Transverse Vaginal Septum With Secondary Infertility: A Rare Case.

Study Objective: To demonstrate the technique of laparoscopic vaginal reconstruction in a rare case of mid-vaginal septum with secondary infertility.

Design: A step-by-step explanation of the technique using videos and pictures (Canadian Task Force classification IV).

Setting: Transverse vaginal septum is a rare condition, with an incidence of only 1 in 30,000 women.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of eyelid: A usual tumor at an unusual site.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm comprising mucous, intermediate and epidermoid cells, arising mainly in salivary gland. It is extremely uncommon in ocular region, where it can arise in conjunctiva, lacrimal gland or lacrimal sac. The index case is being presented for its rarity and for highlighting the importance of meticulous sampling for correct diagnosis.

Large lipid-rich mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of parotid gland: An unusual case.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland is a malignant tumor which bears morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features similar to those of mammary secretory carcinoma. The tumor is considered as a low-grade malignancy perhaps slightly more aggressive than acinic cell carcinoma. High-grade transformation with recurrences, regional nodal involvement, metastases, and cancer-related death has been reported in a few cases.

Multimodality management of a giant skull base hemangioendothelioma of the sphenopetroclival region.

A 20-year-old man presented with proptosis, nasal obstruction, vision loss and cavernous sinus syndrome, ongoing for 6 years. Imaging and biopsy confirmed a middle skull base epithelioid hemangioendothelioma arising from the left sphenopetroclival region with infratemporal fossa and intracranial-intradural extension into the left temporal lobe. Preoperative embolization of the left internal maxillary artery followed by a combined neurosurgical (front-temporal orbito-zygomatic craniotomy) and otorhinolaryngology (maxillary swing) approach was performed for tumor debulking.

In vitro study of acetylcholine and histamine induced contractions in colon and rectum of adult and neonate rats.

Contractile mechanisms of different parts of the gut in adult and neonate may not be identical due to developmental processes. The present study was undertaken to investigate acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine induced contractile responses of colon and rectum in adult and neonatal albino rats. Contractile responses were recorded from isolated in vitro preparations.

Laryngeal leiomyosarcoma masquerading as laryngeal carcinoma.

Laryngeal leiomyosarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignant tumour, with fewer than 50 reported cases in scientific literature. Diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry, supplemented with ultrastructural studies, if required. It is aggressive and associated with variable survival outcomes.

Biological evaluation of RBx-0128, a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor in type 2 diabetes genetic model.

Aim: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition to modulate the incretin effect is a proven strategy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study describes the pharmacological profile of a novel DPP-IV inhibitor RBx-0128, as an antidiabetic agent.

Material And Methods: DPP-IV assay was carried out to evaluate in vitro potency of RBx-0128 using human, mouse, and rat plasma as an enzyme source.

Nature of action of Sitagliptin, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor in diabetic animals.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin with respect to mode of inhibition and its in vivo duration of inhibition and efficacy in type 2 diabetes animal model.

Materials And Methods: DPP-IV enzyme assay was carried out in human plasma (10 μL) or human recombinant enzyme (10 ng) using H-Gly-Pro-AMC as a substrate. The competitive nature was estimated by plotting IC(50) values measured at different substrate concentrations on the Y axis and substrate concentration on the X axis.

RBx-0597, a potent, selective and slow-binding inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibiton is a well recognized approach to treat Type 2 diabetes. RBx-0597 is a novel DPP-IV inhibitor discovered in our laboratory. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacological profiles of RBx-0597 in vitro and in vivo as an anti-diabetic agent.

Discovery of conformationally rigid 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-derived dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors.

The induction of conformationally restricted N-(aryl or heteroaryl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives at P(2) region of compounds of 2-cyanopyrrolidine class was explored to develop novel DPP-IV inhibitors.

Combination of dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitor and low dose thiazolidinedione: preclinical efficacy and safety in db/db mice.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are currently the most efficacious class of oral antidiabetics. However, they carry the burden of weight gain and haemodilution, which may lead to cardiovascular complications. The present study was designed to ascertain whether a combination of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor with low dose of a thiazolidinedione absolves TZD associated weight gain and oedema without compromising its efficacy.