Macrophage heterogeneity in autoimmune diseases.

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is complex and their etiology remains unclear, with multiple cell types involved in the disease progression. Macrophages, as a crucial immune cell population in AIDs, play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In traditional research, macrophages are frequently oversimplified into the M1 and M2 polarized subtypes.

An Improved Monte Carlo Method for Quantitative Analysis of Transparency Degradation Caused by Corneal Edema.

Purpose: To address the impact of corneal edema on transparency, we proposed an improved Monte Carlo (MC) method that uses a cost-effective and easily applicable approach to extract fibril features. This method aims to enhance computational accuracy and elucidate microscopic mechanisms of corneal transparency.

Methods: Fresh ex vivo porcine corneas were immersed in deionized water to simulate various states of corneal edema.

PFKFB3 decreases α-ketoglutarate production while partial PFKFB3 knockdown in macrophages ameliorates arthritis in tumor necrosis factor-transgenic mice.

Objective: Aberrant 6-phosphofructo-2kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphoshatase 3 (PFKFB3) expression is tightly correlated with multiple steps of tumorigenesis; however, the pathological significance of PFKFB3 in macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains obscure. In this study, we examined whether PFKFB3 modulates macrophage activation and promotes RA development.

Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA, THP-1 cells, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from conditional PFKFB3-knockout mice were used to investigate the mechanism underlying PFKFB3-induced macrophage regulation of RA.

Sources and processes of organic aerosol in non-refractory PM and PM during foggy and haze episodes in an urban environment of the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Organic aerosol (OA) generally accounts for a large fraction of fine particulate matter (PM) in the urban atmosphere. Despite significant advances in the understanding their emission sources, transformation processes and optical properties in the submicron aerosol fraction (PM), larger size fractions - e.g.

Label-free classification of dead and live colonic adenocarcinoma cells based on 2D light scattering and deep learning analysis.

The measurement of cell viability plays an essential role in the area of cell biology. At present, the common methods for cell viability assay mainly on the responses of cells to different dyes. However, the additional steps of cell staining will consequently cause time-consuming and laborious efforts.